dweud
Welsh
Alternative forms
- dywedyd (literary, dated)
- deud (North Wales)
- gweud (South Wales)
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /dweɨ̯d/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /dwei̯d/
- Rhymes: -eɨ̯d
Verb
dweud (first-person singular present dywedaf or dwedaf)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | dywedaf | dywedi | dywed | dywedwn | dywedwch | dywedant | dywedir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
dywedwn | dywedit | dywedai | dywedem | dywedech | dywedent | dywedid | |
| preterite | dywedais | dywedaist | dywedodd | dywedasom | dywedasoch | dywedasant | dywedwyd | |
| pluperfect | dywedaswn | dywedasit | dywedasai | dywedasem | dywedasech | dywedasent | dywedasid, dywedesid | |
| present subjunctive | dywedwyf | dywedych | dywedo | dywedom | dywedoch | dywedont | dyweder | |
| imperative | — | dywed, dyweda | dyweded | dywedwn | dywedwch | dywedent | dyweder | |
| verbal noun | dweud | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | dywededig dywedadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | dweda i, dwedaf i | dwedi di | dwedith o/e/hi, dwediff e/hi | dwedwn ni | dwedwch chi | dwedan nhw |
| conditional | dwedwn i, dwedswn i | dwedet ti, dwedset ti | dwedai fo/fe/hi, dwedsai fo/fe/hi | dweden ni, dwedsen ni | dwedech chi, dwedsech chi | dweden nhw, dwedsen nhw |
| preterite | dwedais i, dwedes i | dwedaist ti, dwedest ti | dwedodd o/e/hi | dwedon ni | dwedoch chi | dwedon nhw |
| imperative | — | dweda | — | — | dwedwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
- Obsolete form of third-person singular preterite: dywod
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| dweud | ddweud | nweud | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dweud”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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