karaeng

Probably from Proto-South Sulawesi *ka-raya-an (“greatness”). Cognate to Buginese arung.

• IPA^(key): /kaˈraeŋ/

karaeng (Lontara spelling ᨀᨑᨕᨙ)

1. king, ruler, lord

   c. 1670, Gowa Chronicle:

   Ka punna taniassenga ruai kodina kisa'ringkai kalenta karaeng‒dudu na kanaka tau ipantaraka tau bawang‒dudu.

   Because if it [the history of the past kings] is not known, there are two dangers: either we will feel ourselves to be kings too, or outsiders will call us common people.

   (transliterated and translated by Anthony Jukes)

   c. 1670, Tallo' Chronicle:

   nakana ri nakke Karaenga Matoaya kubetana Tallumbocco-boccoa manna kayuna takutippasa' teami nara'ga tallumbilangang kattina bulaekku kupappibaraiang kupassare-sareang

   Karaeng Matoaya [lit. the old king] said to me, "At my conquest of the Tallumbocco [the three powers], not a branch did I break. A sum of three hundred catties of my own gold did I present, did I distribute."

   (transliterated and translated by William P. Cummings)

• Anthony Jukes (2006) Makassarese (basa Mangkasara'): A description of an Austronesian language of South Sulawesi (PhD)‎, Department of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, University of Melbourne
• William Cummings (2007) A Chain of Kings: The Makassarese chronicles of Gowa and Talloq‎, KITLV Press
• Noorduyn, Jacobus (1991), “The Manuscripts of the Makasarese Chronicle of Goa and Talloq: An Evaluation”, in Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, volume 147, issue 4, →DOI, pages 454–484