mdwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈmitʼwit/ → /ˈmitʼwiʔ/ → /ˈmetʼwə/

Verb
mddwA2

 4ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to speak (+ n: to speak to; + ḥnꜥ: to dispute or contend with)
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 73–76:
      iWmdd
      k      		 n&A1 D35
      n      		 wA1Hr Z1
      sDm      		 mA1st
      iwA1mbbAAHD53Y2
      k      		 xmD35
      n      		 wA1
      jw mdw.k n.j nn wj ḥr sḏm{.j} st jw.j m bꜣḥ.k ḫm.n(.j) wj
      ―You’re speaking to me, but I’m not hearing it; I am before you, but I don’t know myself.
  2. (transitive) to claim

Inflection
Conjugation of mdwj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: mdw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
mdwt, mdwj
 mdww, mdwyw, mdw
 mdwt, mdwwt, mdwyt
 mdw
 mdw, mdwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
mdw8
 ḥr mdwt, ḥr mdwj
 m mdwt, ḥr mdwj
 r mdwt, ḥr mdwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect mdw.n
 mdww, mdw, mdwy
 consecutive mdw.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative mdwt
perfective3 mdw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 mdw.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective mdw, mdwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 mdww, mdw, mdwy
 mdw
 potentialis1 mdw.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive mdw, mdwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect mdw.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective mdww1, mdwy, mdw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 mdw
 mdwy, mdw
imperfective mdw, mdwy, mdww5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 mdw, mdwj6, mdwy6
 mdw, mdww5
prospective mdww1, mdwy, mdw, mdwtj7
 — mdwwtj1 4, mdwtj4, mdwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 174.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 83
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