praesum

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From prae- +‎ sum.

Pronunciation

Verb

praesum (present infinitive praeesse, perfect active praefuī, future participle praefutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle

  1. I am before something
  2. I preside or rule over
    Synonym: cūrō
  3. I lead, take the lead
  4. I command, have command, be in command of, have charge of, be in charge of (with dative of the thing or person being commanded)
    classi/exercitui praeesse ― to command a navy/army
    • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
      Si supplemento opus esset, suppleret de legionibus quibus P. Cornelius pro praetore in Sicilia praeesset, […]
      If reinforcements were needed, he should supply them with the legions which Publius Cornelius, propraetor, was in charge of in Sicily, […]

Conjugation

Note: This verb takes a dative object.

   Conjugation of praesum (highly irregular, suppletive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present praesum praees praeest praesumus praeestis praesunt
imperfect praeeram praeerās praeerat praeerāmus praeerātis praeerant
future praeerō praeeris,
praeere		 praeerit praeerimus praeeritis praeerunt
perfect praefuī praefuistī praefuit praefuimus praefuistis praefuērunt,
praefuēre
pluperfect praefueram praefuerās praefuerat praefuerāmus praefuerātis praefuerant
future perfect praefuerō praefueris praefuerit praefuerimus praefueritis praefuerint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present praesim praesīs praesit praesīmus praesītis praesint
imperfect praeessem,
praeforem		 praeessēs,
praeforēs		 praeesset,
praeforet		 praeessēmus,
praeforēmus		 praeessētis,
praeforētis		 praeessent,
praeforent
perfect praefuerim praefuerīs praefuerit praefuerīmus praefuerītis praefuerint
pluperfect praefuissem praefuissēs praefuisset praefuissēmus praefuissētis praefuissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — praees — — praeeste —
future — praeestō praeestō — praeestōte praesuntō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives praeesse praefuisse praefutūrum esse,
praefore		 — — —
participles praesēns — praefutūrus — — —

Derived terms

References
  • “praesum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “praesum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • praesum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to have the management of the state: rei publicae praeesse
    • to perform official duties: munere fungi, muneri praeesse
    • to be president of a court: iudicio praeesse
    • to preside over an inquiry: quaestioni praeesse
    • to be at the head of an army: praeesse exercitui
    • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse
  • praesum in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
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