sḫm

See also: SHM

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Noun:

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈsaːχam/ → /ˈsaːχam/ → /ˈsoːχəm/ →

Verb
ssxmxm

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) powerful
  2. (intransitive) to have or gain control (+ m: of)
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.10–1.11:
      irH6AwwnDsmsr
      x      		 A2n
      t X4
      X2 Z2      		 D35sxmmA24nmdd
      t      		 A2nb
      t      		 imf
      jr šww m srḫ n t nj sḫm.n mdt nbt jm.f
      As for one who is free of notoriety regarding bread, no word can take control of him.

Inflection
Conjugation of sḫm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sḫm, geminated stem: sḫmm
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sḫm
 sḫmw, sḫm
 sḫmt
 sḫm
 sḫm
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sḫm
 ḥr sḫm
 m sḫm
 r sḫm
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect sḫm.n
 consecutive sḫm.jn
terminative sḫmt
perfective3 sḫm
 obligative1 sḫm.ḫr
imperfective sḫm
prospective3 sḫm
 potentialis1 sḫm.kꜣ
subjunctive sḫm
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect sḫm.n
 — —
perfective sḫm
 sḫm
 sḫm, sḫmw5, sḫmy5
imperfective sḫm, sḫmy, sḫmw5
 sḫm, sḫmj6, sḫmy6
 sḫm, sḫmw5
prospective sḫm, sḫmtj7
 sḫmtj4, sḫmt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

Noun
sxm

 m

  1. divine power
  2. a being of such power
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 7–8:
      E31Axx
      H_SPACE      		 xntE31
      Z2      		 wAHO44t
      Z1      		 z
      mn
      n      		 HqAt
      Z1      		 sxmH_SPACE
      Z1      		 nfrn
      N9
      t      		 H_SPACE
      Z2ss      		 nTr
      M1Y1
      Hr Z1      		 U7
      r
      r      		 U3
      n
      f      		 r
      a
      snD      		 f
      m      		 tA
      tA
      tA
      nb      		 n
      U7
      r
      t      		 d
      m      		 T30
      A2      		 z
      n
      r
      n
      f      		 r
      HAt
      t Z1
      sꜥḥ ꜣḫ ḫnt sꜥḥw wꜣḥ jꜣwt smn ḥqꜣt sḫm nfr n(j) psḏt jmꜣ ḥr mrr mꜣ n.f rdj snḏ.f m tꜣw nb(w) n mr(w)t dm.sn rn.f r ḥꜣt […]
      Effective dignitary, foremost of dignitaries, enduring of office, established of reign, the fair power of the Ennead, gracious of face, the sight of whom is beloved, the awe of whom is set in all lands in order that they pronounce his name first, […]
  3. image or manifestation of a god

Inflection
Declension of sḫm (masculine)
singular sḫm
dual sḫmwj
plural sḫmw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sḫm  
sxmZ1
sxmG7
sḫm sḫm

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲓϣⲉⲙ (šišem)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲓⲥⲙⲉ (šisme)

References
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 59
  2. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 63
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