toísech

Old Irish

Etymology

From Primitive Irish ᚈᚑᚃᚔᚄᚐᚉᚔ (tovisaci, genitive), from Proto-Celtic *towissākos (“leader”) (compare Welsh tywysog (“prince”)), from either Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“lead”) or Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“know, see”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtoːi̯sʲəx/, [ˈtoːi̯sʲex]

Noun

toísech m (genitive toísig, nominative plural toísig)

  1. leader, chief
  2. first-mentioned thing or person

Declension
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative toísech toísechL toísigL
Vocative toísig toísechL toísechuH
Accusative toísechN toísechL toísechuH
Genitive toísigL toísech toísechN
Dative toísechL toísechaib toísechaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants
  • Irish: taoiseach, Taoiseach
  • Scottish Gaelic: tòiseach

Adjective

toísech (comparative toísigiu)

  1. first
  2. most important
  3. (in the comparative) sooner
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 112b12
      Is déniu ad·ciam húa ṡúlib risíu ro·cloammar in fogur húa chluasaib, ut est is toísigiu ad·ciam teilciud in béla resíu ro·cloammar a guth sidi.
      We see more quickly with the eyes before we hear the sound with the ears, ut est we see the throwing of the axe sooner before we hear the sound of this.

Declension
o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative toísech toísech toísech
Vocative toísig*
toísech**
Accusative toísech toísig
Genitive toísig toísige toísig
Dative toísuch toísig toísuch
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative toísig toísecha
Vocative toísechu
toísecha†
Accusative toísechu
toísecha†
Genitive toísech
Dative toísechaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
toísech thoísech toísech
pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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