turpis

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τρέπω (trépō), Sanskrit त्रपते (trapate).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈtur.pis/, [ˈt̪ʊrpɪs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈtur.pis/, [ˈt̪urpis]

Adjective

turpis (neuter turpe, comparative turpior, superlative turpissimus, adverb turpiter); third-declension two-termination adjective

ugly, unsightly; foul, filthy
Synonym: foedus
- Attributed to Ennius by Cicero in Dē nātūrā deōrum, Book I, Chapter XXXV
  Sīmia quam similis turpissima bēstia nōbīs!
  How similar to us is that most vile beast, the ape!
(of sound) cacophonous, disagreeable
(figuratively) base, infamous, scandalous, dishonorable, shameful, disgraceful

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter	Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Number	Singular		Plural
Nominative	turpis	turpe	turpēs	turpia
Genitive	turpis		turpium
Dative	turpī		turpibus
Accusative	turpem	turpe	turpēs turpīs	turpia
Ablative	turpī		turpibus
Vocative	turpis	turpe	turpēs	turpia

Derived terms

Descendants

Balkan Romance:
- → Albanian: turp
Italo-Romance:
- >? Gallurese: tulpi
Padanian:
- Romansch: tuorp
Ibero-Romance:
- Galician: torpe
- Portuguese: torpe
- Spanish: torpe ⇒ estorpar
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: turpe (obsolete), tzurpu (doubtful)
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exturpiāre
- Italian: storpiare, stroppiare (Old Lucchese)
  - → French: estropier
  - → German: struppieren (regional)
  - → Portuguese: estropiar
  - → Spanish: estropear
- Piedmontese: stropiè
- Romansch: strupiar, strupchiar, strupchier, strupchá
Borrowings:
- → English: turpid
- → French: turpide, turpe
- → Hungarian: turpisság
- → Italian: turpe

References

“turpis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“turpis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
turpis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- a virtuous (immoral) life: vita honesta (turpis)
- to follow virtue; to flee from vice: honesta expetere; turpia fugere
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “tŭrpis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 13: To–Tyrus, page 432
Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “túrpe”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.