vakar

Hungarian

Etymology

vak +‎ -ar

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈvɒkɒr]
  • Hyphenation: va‧kar
  • Rhymes: -ɒr

Verb

vakar

  1. (transitive) to scratch

Conjugation
conjugation of vakar
1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. vakarok vakarsz vakar vakarunk vakartok vakarnak
Def. vakarom vakarod vakarja vakarjuk vakarjátok vakarják
2nd-p. o. vakarlak ―
Past Indef. vakartam vakartál vakart vakartunk vakartatok vakartak
Def. vakartam vakartad vakarta vakartuk vakartátok vakarták
2nd-p. o. vakartalak ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. vakarnék vakarnál vakarna vakarnánk vakarnátok vakarnának
Def. vakarnám vakarnád vakarná vakarnánk
(or vakarnók)		 vakarnátok vakarnák
2nd-p. o. vakarnálak ―
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. vakarjak vakarj or
vakarjál		 vakarjon vakarjunk vakarjatok vakarjanak
Def. vakarjam vakard or
vakarjad		 vakarja vakarjuk vakarjátok vakarják
2nd-p. o. vakarjalak ―
Infinitive vakarni vakarnom vakarnod vakarnia vakarnunk vakarnotok vakarniuk
Other nonfinite
verb forms		 Verbal noun Present participle Past participle Future part. Adverbial part. Potential
vakarás vakaró vakart vakarandó vakarva vakarhat

Derived terms
  • vakarás

(With verbal prefixes):

Further reading
  • vakar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Latgalian

Etymology

Cognate with Latvian vakar and Lithuanian vakar.

Related to vokors (“night”), with the original meaning being similar to "the previous night".

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈvakàr]
  • Hyphenation: va‧kar

Adverb

vakar

  1. yesterday

Derived terms

References
  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 112

Latvian

Etymology

Probably the adverbial form of an earlier (unattested) adjective, of which vakars (“night”) is the nominal form. The original meaning was probably “the previous night”, whence later “yesterday”; compare Russian ве́чер (véčer, “evening”), вчера́ (včerá, “yesterday”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [vakar]

Adverb

vakar

  1. yesterday (in the day before today)
    vakar bija slikts laiks ― yesterday the weather was bad
    vakar no rīta ― yesterday morning
    vakar vakarā ― yesterday evening
    “jaunkundze vakar vēlu pārnāca mājās?” “jā, aizgājām no kluba pie Ralfa spēlēt pokeru” ― “milady came back late yesterday?” “yes, I went from the club to Ralph's (place) to play poker”
  2. yesterday (in the, usually recent, past)
    funkcionāri šodien ir vienkāršāki, demokrātiskāki nekā vakar ― (public) officials are simpler, more democratic today than yesterday

Usage notes

Vakars as a noun, means “evening” (locative form vakarā “in the evening”, used also as a temporal adverb) while historically related vakar is an adverb, meaning “yesterday” (its nominal counterpart is vakardiena “(the day of) yesterday”).

Antonyms

Derived terms

References
  1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “vakars”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

Etymology

From vakaras. Compare Russian вечер (večer) and вчера (včera).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈʋaːkɐɾ]

Adverb

vãkar (not comparable)

  1. yesterday
    Vakar kur buvai?
    Where were you yesterday?

Derived terms

See also
Dates relative to today in Lithuanian
–3 (three days ago) –2 (two days ago) –1 (yesterday) 0 (today) +1 (tomorrow) +2 (in two days) +3 (in three days)
užužvakar užvakar vakar šiandien rytoj poryt užporyt
–3 (three years ago) –2 (two years ago) –1 (last year) 0 (this year) +1 (next year) +2 (in two years) +3 (in three years)
užužpernai užpernai pernai šiemet kitąmet [po dvejų metų] [po trejų metų]

Further reading

Swedish

Noun

vakar

  1. indefinite plural of vak.

Verb

vakar

  1. present tense of vaka.
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