< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nēþlō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *nēaną (“to sew”) +‎ *-þlō (“tool”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈnɛːθ.lɔː/

Noun

*nēþlō f[1]

  1. needle

Inflection

The stem apparently had two Verner alternants, *nēþlō- and *nēdlō-, both still attested in West Germanic.

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *nāþlu
    • Old English: nǣdl
      • Middle English: nedle
        • English: needle
        • Scots: nedil, neidil
    • Old Frisian: nēdle, nēlde
      • West Frisian: niddel, nuddel, nille, nulle
      • Saterland Frisian: Näddele
    • Old Saxon: nāthla
      • Middle Low German: nalde, natel; nadel (not found in most areas, rare elsewhere)
        • Low German: Nodel, Nadel (likely to be loaned from or influenced by German)
        • Plautdietsch: Notel
    • Old Dutch: nālda
    • Old High German: nādala, nālda
      • Middle High German: nādele, nālde
  • Old Norse: nál
    • Icelandic: nál
    • Faroese: nál
    • Norwegian: nål
    • Elfdalian: ną̊l
    • Old Swedish: nāl
    • Old Danish: naal
    • Samic:
      • → Northern Sami: nállu
      • → Southern Sami: naaloe
  • Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰 (nēþla)
  • → Proto-Finnic: *nekla (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*nēþlō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388: “f. ʻneedleʼ”
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