< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰers-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵʰers-[1][2][3]

  1. stiff
  2. surprised

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰarš-[4] (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰers-
  • *ǵʰérs-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáršati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰárṣati
        • Sanskrit: हर्षति (hárṣati), हर्षते (hárṣate)
          • Gujarati: હરખવું (harakhvũ)
  • *ǵʰr̥s-yé-ti (ye-present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰr̥šyáti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰr̥ṣyáti
        • Sanskrit: हृष्यति (hṛṣyáti)
  • *ǵʰe-ǵʰórs-e ~ *ǵʰe-ǵʰr̥s-ḗr (stative)
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: जाहृषाण (jāhṛṣāṇá, perfect mediopassive participle)
      • Iranian:
        • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀‎ (zaršaiiamna, present mediopassive participle)
  • *ǵʰors-éye-ti (causative)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰaršáyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰarṣáyati
        • Sanskrit: हर्षयति (harṣáyati)
  • *ǵʰr̥s-éh₁-(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)
    • Proto-Italic: *horzēō
  • *ǵʰórs-ōs
    • Proto-Italic: *horzōs
  • *ǵʰers-to-s
    • Proto-Italic: *herztos
      • Latin: hīrtus (“hairy, shaggy”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰérs-o-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʰérsos
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Armenian:
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Iranian:

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “g̑hers-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 445-446
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g̑ʰers-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 179
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “horreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290
  4. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 471
  5. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 200
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