Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷétu

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *gʷet- +‎ *-tu.

Noun

*gʷétu n[1][2]

resin, gum

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*gʷétu
genitive	*gʷtéws
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷétu	*gʷétwih₁	*gʷétuh₂
vocative	*gʷétu	*gʷétwih₁	*gʷétuh₂
accusative	*gʷétu	*gʷétwih₁	*gʷétuh₂
genitive	*gʷtéws	*?	*gʷtéwoHom
ablative	*gʷtéws	*?	*gʷtúmos
dative	*gʷtéwey	*?	*gʷtúmos
locative	gʷtéw, gʷtéwi	*?	*gʷtúsu
instrumental	*gʷtúh₁	*?	*gʷtúmis

Derived terms

*gʷétw-ih₂ ~ *gʷtu-yéh₂
- Proto-Armenian:
  - >? Old Armenian: կեչի (kečʿi), կեծի (keci)[3] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *betuyā (“birch”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *betu (“birch”)[4][2]
- Gaulish: *betu
  - →⇒? Latin: betulla (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *kweduz (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *gʷetu
- Osco-Umbrian:
  - →⇒ Latin: bitūmen (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰátu (see there for further descendants)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 480
Wodtko, Dagmar S. (2017–2018), “Chapter XI: Celtic”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Celtic, page 1256: “*g^u̯et-u-”
Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “*keč‘i”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 358
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*betu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 64-65: “GAUL: *betyo-”

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[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 480

[HCHIEL-2] Wodtko, Dagmar S. (2017–2018), “Chapter XI: Celtic”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Celtic, page 1256: “*g^u̯et-u-”

[3] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “*keč‘i”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 358

[4] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*betu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 64-65: “GAUL: *betyo-”