< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁élem

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Compare Arabic نَشَم‎ (našam, “elm”), which points to the Proto-Semitic form *Caśam-, the middle consonant of which is the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative /ɬ/; however, possibly not found in Semitic except in Arabic; likely a wanderwort. The same match pertains to Old Armenian թեղի (tʿełi, “elm”) and Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa, “wych-elm”).

Compare also Proto-Turkic *ilme (“elm tree”), with a similar phonology.

Noun

*h₁élem

  1. mountain elm

Alternative reconstructions
  • *h₁élm̥ ~ *h₁l̥mós[1]
  • *h₁leyōm ~ *h₁limos[2]

Descendants
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *elemas
    • Proto-Slavic: *jьlьmъ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *limos (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *elmaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *olmos
    • Latin: ulmus (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2011), “*elm, *ulmaz”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, § 9. The evidence, pages 155–157: “*(h₁)él-m, *h₁l-m-ós”
  2. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*lēmo-, *limo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 237
  • Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 160
  • “Darja notes: Elms and kids' morphology”, in Jabal al-Lughat‎, 2016-07-25, archived from the original on 2018-02-15
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