< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéyh₁ō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Disputed;[1][2] possibly from *weh₁y- (“to twist; to wrap”) +‎ *-ō,[3][4][5] compare Ancient Greek ὑιήν (huiḗn, “grapevine”), from *wih₁-ḗn,[5] and Latin vītis (“vine”), from *wéh₁itis, or perhaps borrowed from either Proto-West Semitic *wayn- or Proto-Kartvelian *ɣwino-, if those terms are not instead borrowings of the Proto-Indo-European.[2][6][7][8] Possibly all ultimately borrowed from an unattested Mediterranean substrate language.[9][10]

Noun

*wéyh₁ō m[11][12][8]

  1. wine
  2. vine

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *wéyh₁ō
genitive *wih₁nés
singular dual plural
nominative *wéyh₁ō *wéyh₁onh₁(e) *wéyh₁ones
vocative *wéyh₁on *wéyh₁onh₁(e) *wéyh₁ones
accusative *wéyh₁onm̥ *wéyh₁onh₁(e) *wéyh₁onm̥s
genitive *wih₁nés *? *wih₁nóHom
ablative *wih₁nés *? *wih₁n̥mós
dative *wih₁néy *? *wih₁n̥mós
locative *wih₁én, *wih₁éni *? *wih₁n̥sú
instrumental *wih₁néh₁ *? *wih₁n̥mís

Derived terms
  • *wéyh₁n-o-m[7]
    • Proto-Armenian: *ɣʷeinyo- (or from *wóyh₁n-o-s[13])[14]
    • Proto-Italic: *wīnom (see there for further descendants)
  • *wóyh₁n-o-s[5][7][3]
  • *wih₁-on-[12][4][7]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒃾𒅖 (GEŠTIN-iš /wiyanis/, “wine”)
      • Luwian:
        Cuneiform script: [script needed] (winiya-)
  • *wih₁n-yó-s[7]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: [Term?] (/*winiyant-/, “wine (deified)”)
      • Luwian:
        Anatolian Hieroglyphs script: [Term?] (/wiyan(i)-/), [Term?] (/win(i)-/, “of wine”)
  • →? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwino- (possibly via Armenian) (see there for further descendants)
  • →? Proto-West Semitic: *wayn- (see there for further descendants)
  • →? Aghwan: 𐕔𐔼 (fi)

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 36
  2. Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 38
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “οἶνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1058-1059
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vīnum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 680
  5. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 166-167
  6. Nichols, J. (1997), “The epicentre of the Indo-European linguistic spread”, in Blench, R.; M. Spriggs, editor, Archaeology and Language I: Theoretical and Methodological Orientations‎, London: Routledge, page 126
  7. Fenwick, Rhona S. H. (2017), “An Indo-European origin of Kartvelian names for two maloid fruits”, in Asatrian, Garnik S., editors, Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 21, issue 3, Brill, →DOI, page 2
  8. Климов, Г. А. (1994) Древнейшие индоевропеизмы картвельских языков [The Oldest Indo-Europeanisms in Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nasledie, →ISBN, pages 79-82
  9. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 53
  10. Lindner, Thomas (2017–2018), “Chapter VIII: Italic”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Italic, page 832
  11. Beekes, Robert S. P. (1987a), “On Indo-European ‘wine’”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, pages 21-26
  12. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “u̯ii̯an-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1012
  13. Olsen, Birgit Anette (2017), “Part 9: Armenian”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 422
  14. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “gini”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 214–215
  15. Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 50
  16. Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “vër/ë,-a”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 414

Further reading
  • Gorton, Luke (2017), “Revisiting Indo-European ‘Wine’”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies‎, volume 45, issue 1–2, pages 1–26
  • Lipp, Reiner (2019), “The Word for Wine in Anatolian, Greek, Armenian, Italic, Etruscan, Semitic and Its Indo-European Origin”, in Ronald I. Kim, Jana Mynářová, and Peter Pavúk, editors, Hrozný and Hittite: The First Hundred Years, Leiden and Boston: Brill, →DOI, pages 195–229
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