Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ÁryānaHm

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative forms

*Ā́ryānaHm[1]

Etymology

From genitive plural of *Áryah.

Proper noun

*ÁryānaHm[2][3]

(land) of the Aryans or Iranians; Eran

Derived terms

*Áryānaxšaθram (+ *xšaθrám (“kingdom, rule”))
- Parthian:
  Inscriptional Parthian: [script needed] (ʾryʾnḥštr)
- Late Middle Persian: (/Ērānšahr/)
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾylʾnštr)
  
  Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩‎ (ʾyʿʾnštʿy), 𐭠𐭩𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩‎ (ʾylʾnštry)
  - Persian: ایرانشهر‎ (irânšahr)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨‎ (aⁱriianąm), 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬨‎ (aⁱriianəm)
  - ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬨 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬋‎ (aⁱriianəm vaējō, “Airyanem Vaejah”)
    - → Parthian: (calque)
      Manichaean: 𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫀𐫗 𐫇𐫏𐫋𐫗‎ (ʾryʾn wyjn /Aryān waižan/)
    - → Late Middle Persian: (calque)
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾylʾnwyc /Ērānwēz/)
      - Persian: ایران‌ویج‎ (êrân-vêj)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *Aryānu
  - Proto-Ossetic: *Allānʉ
    - Old Ossetic: *Allōn
      - Ossetian: аллон (allon, “a legendary ancient people”)[4][5]
      - → Aghwan: 𐔰𐕅𐔴 (al'e, “elder”)
      - → Bats: ა̄ლე̆ (ālĕ, “lord”)[6]
      - → Chechen: э̄ла (eela, “prince”)[6]
      - → Ingush: аьла (äla, “prince, chieftain”)[4][6]
      - → Mingrelian: ალანი (alani, “Karachay; daring fellow, hero”)[4]
    - → Ancient Greek: Ἀλᾱνοί (Alānoí)
      - → Latin: Alānus (see there for further descendants)
    - → Old Armenian: ալանք (alankʿ)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: (/Aryān/)
  Manichaean: 𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫀𐫗‎ ([ʾryʾ]n)
  
  Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭀𐭓𐭉𐭀𐭍‎ (ʾryʾn)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *Aryānām[7][3]
  - Late Middle Persian: (/Ērān/)
    Manichaean: 𐫀𐫏𐫡𐫀𐫗‎ (ʾyrʾn)
    
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾylʾn')
    
    Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎ (ʾyrʾn), 𐭠𐭩𐭋𐭠𐭭‎ (ʾylʾn)
    - Persian: ایران‎ (irân)
      - → English: Iran
    - → Old Armenian: Երան (Eran)
    - → Parthian:
      Manichaean: 𐫀𐫏𐫡𐫀𐫗‎ (ʾyrʾn /Ērān/)
  - → Elamite: 𒄯𒊑𒉿𒈾𒌝 (ḫar-ri-ya-na-um)[7][3]
  - → Ancient Greek: Ἀριανοί (Arianoí)

References

Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 25
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), “*ari̭a- , *āri̭a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 222-224
Rüdiger, Schmitt (2000) Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart [The Iranian Languages Past and Present] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, §0. Name und Begriff „iranische Sprachen“, pages 1-7
Абаев, В. И. (1958), “allon”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow, Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 47–48
Kim, Ronald (2003), “On the historical phonology of Ossetic: the origin of the oblique case suffix”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎, volume 123, issue 1, →DOI, pages 60, 62
Thordarson, Fridrik (2009) Ossetic Grammatical Studies (Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Sitzungsberichte; 788), Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, page 26
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1973) Onomastica Persepolitana: Das Altiranische Namengut der Persepolis-Täfelchen [Onomastica Persepolitana: The Old Iranian Personal Names of the Persepolis Tablets] (in German), Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN, page 39

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[1] Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 25

[ESIJa-2] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), “*ari̭a- , *āri̭a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 222-224

[Schmitt-3] Rüdiger, Schmitt (2000) Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart [The Iranian Languages Past and Present] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, §0. Name und Begriff „iranische Sprachen“, pages 1-7

[Abaev-4] Абаев, В. И. (1958), “allon”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow, Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 47–48

[5] Kim, Ronald (2003), “On the historical phonology of Ossetic: the origin of the oblique case suffix”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎, volume 123, issue 1, →DOI, pages 60, 62

[Thordarson-6] Thordarson, Fridrik (2009) Ossetic Grammatical Studies (Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Sitzungsberichte; 788), Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, page 26

[Mayrhofer-7] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1973) Onomastica Persepolitana: Das Altiranische Namengut der Persepolis-Täfelchen [Onomastica Persepolitana: The Old Iranian Personal Names of the Persepolis Tablets] (in German), Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN, page 39