< Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic

Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kuru

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Verb

*kuru

  1. to give
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 呉 (kuru)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kure
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: 呉りゆい (kuriyui)
      • Kunigami: 呉ーるん (kīrun)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 呉りぃるり (kurïruri)
      • Okinawan: 呉ゆん (kwiyun)
      • Oki-No-Erabu: 呉りゆん (kuriyun)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 呉りぃゆむっ (kurïyum)
      • Toku-No-Shima: 呉ーりぃ (kwïïrï)
      • Yoron: 呉りゅん (kuryun)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 呉ーㇲ゙ (fīz)
      • Yaeyama: 呉ーるん (hīrun)
      • Yonaguni: 呉ゆん (hiyun)

Etymology 2

The core underlying meaning seems to be spin; turn around and around, as in Japanese adverb くるるに (kururu ni) and related vowel-shifted root *koro and derivations such as Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”) and 転がる (korogaru, “to roll, to roll around”).

The derived sense of go mad (verb) and painful (adjective) arose from the way that someone suffering from convulsions would often turn around and around.[1][2]

Root

*kuru

  1. to spin; to turn around and around
Derived terms
  • *kuruma (“wheel; car”)
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: くるるに (kururu ni, “spinningly, turningly”), 狂ふ (kurupu, “go mad”), 苦し (kurusi, “painful, stressful, excruciating”)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuru
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Okinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)
      • Southern Amami-Oshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 苦 (guri)

References
  1. “狂”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. “苦”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
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