Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d/s-kəw

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *d-kəw (Chou, 1972); *dkʷjəɣʷ (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d/s-kəw (Matisoff, 2003, STEDT; Mortensen, 2012); *s-kwa (Matisoff, 2003); *d-kuw (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; Matisoff, 1983; LaPolla, 1987; Weidert, 1987)

Numeral

*s-kəw

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE	ʔit kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO	*g/s-ni-s
THREE	*g-sum
FOUR	*b-ləj
FIVE	*l/b-ŋa
SIX	*d-k-ruk
SEVEN	*s-ni-s
EIGHT	*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE	*d/s-kəw
TEN	gip ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY	*m-kul
HUNDRED	*b-r-gja
THOUSAND	*s-tawŋ

nine

Descendants

Old Chinese: 九 (jiǔ) /*kuʔ/ (B-S; ZS)
- Middle Chinese: 九 (kɨuX)
  → Japanese: 九 (きゅう, kyū)
  Korean: 구 (九, gu)
  Vietnamese: cửu (九)
  - Mandarin:
    Standard: 九 (jiǔ) /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
    
    Sichuanese: 九 (jiu³) /t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
    
    Dungan: җю (ži͡u) /t͡ɕiou⁵¹/
  - Cantonese:
    Guangzhou: 九 (gau²) /kɐu̯³⁵/
    
    Taishanese: 九 (giu²) /kiu⁵⁵/
  - Hakka:
    Sixian: 九 (kiú) /ki̯u³¹/
    
    Meixian: 九 (giu³) /kiu³¹/
  - Wu:
    Shanghainese: 九 (jieu) /t͡ɕiɜ³⁴/
  - Min:
    - Min Bei:
      Jian'ou: 九 (giǔ) /kiu²¹/
    - Min Dong:
      Fuzhounese: 九 (gāu (vernacular), giū (literary)) /kau³³/, /kieu³³/
    - Min Nan:
      Hokkien: 九 (káu (vernacular), kiú (literary))
      Xiamen: /kaʊ⁵³/, /kiu⁵³/
      
      Kaohsiung: /kaʊ⁴¹/, /kiu⁴¹/
      
      Quanzhou: /kaʊ⁵⁵⁴/, /kiu⁵⁵⁴/
      
      Taipei: /kaʊ⁵³/, /kiu⁵³/
      
      Zhangzhou: /kaʊ⁵³/, /kiu⁵³/
      
      Teochew: 九 (gao² (vernacular), giu² (literary)) /kau⁵²/, /kiu⁵²/
  - → Proto-Tai: *kɤwꟲ (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Tibeto-Burman:
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic:
    - Tibetan: དགུ (dgu)
- Lolo-Burmese:
  - Burmish:
    - Burmese: ကိုး (kui:)
  - Proto-Loloish:
    - Sichuan Yi: ꈬ (ggu)
- Qiangic:
  - Tangut: 𗢭 (*gjɨ̱¹)
- Sal:
  - Jingpho: jahku
- Bodo-Garo
  - Garo: sku (“nine”)
  - Kokborok: chuku (“nine”)
  - Atong (India): chykhyw (“nine”)
→ Proto-Karen: *khwiᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: ခွံ (khwee)

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