< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ščedrъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Unclear. Has been compared with Latvian šķeders (“shredded”), Lithuanian kãdaras (“shred, scrap”), kedė́ti (“to rupture, to split”), skedervà (“splinter”). Formally matches Ancient Greek σκεθρός (skethrós, “scant”), however, potential relation is considered dubious (on semantic basis) by Vasmer.
If not for the circumflex intonation, could be akin to Ancient Greek σκεδάννυμι (skedánnumi), σκεδάω (skedáō, “to disperse”), possibly Proto-West Germanic *skatrōn (“to shatter”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kedh₂- (“to shred, to split apart”) + *-rъ. If correct, could be related to Proto-Slavic *ščęděti (“to spare”) (compare doubletive Ukrainian ща́дрий (ščádryj, “bountiful”) < *ščędrъ).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *ščedrъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ščedrъ | *ščedra | *ščedro |
| Accusative | *ščedrъ | *ščedrǫ | *ščedro |
| Genitive | *ščedra | *ščedry | *ščedra |
| Locative | *ščedrě | *ščedrě | *ščedrě |
| Dative | *ščedru | *ščedrě | *ščedru |
| Instrumental | *ščedromь | *ščedrojǫ | *ščedromь |
| Vocative | *ščedre | *ščedro | *ščedro |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ščedra | *ščedrě | *ščedrě |
| Accusative | *ščedra | *ščedrě | *ščedrě |
| Genitive | *ščedru | *ščedru | *ščedru |
| Locative | *ščedru | *ščedru | *ščedru |
| Dative | *ščedroma | *ščedrama | *ščedroma |
| Instrumental | *ščedroma | *ščedrama | *ščedroma |
| Vocative | *ščedra | *ščedrě | *ščedrě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ščedri | *ščedry | *ščedra |
| Accusative | *ščedry | *ščedry | *ščedra |
| Genitive | *ščedrъ | *ščedrъ | *ščedrъ |
| Locative | *ščedrěxъ | *ščedraxъ | *ščedrěxъ |
| Dative | *ščedromъ | *ščedramъ | *ščedromъ |
| Instrumental | *ščedry | *ščedrami | *ščedry |
| Vocative | *ščedri | *ščedry | *ščedra |
Definite declension of *ščedrъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ščedrъjь | *ščedraja | *ščedroje |
| Accusative | *ščedrъjь | *ščedrǫjǫ | *ščedroje |
| Genitive | *ščedrajego | *ščedryję | *ščedrajego |
| Locative | *ščedrějemь | *ščedrěji | *ščedrějemь |
| Dative | *ščedrujemu | *ščedrěji | *ščedrujemu |
| Instrumental | *ščedryjimi | *ščedrǫjǫ | *ščedryjimi |
| Vocative | *ščedrъjь | *ščedraja | *ščedroje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ščedraja | *ščedrěji | *ščedrěji |
| Accusative | *ščedraja | *ščedrěji | *ščedrěji |
| Genitive | *ščedruju | *ščedruju | *ščedruju |
| Locative | *ščedruju | *ščedruju | *ščedruju |
| Dative | *ščedryjima | *ščedryjima | *ščedryjima |
| Instrumental | *ščedryjima | *ščedryjima | *ščedryjima |
| Vocative | *ščedraja | *ščedrěji | *ščedrěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ščedriji | *ščedryję | *ščedraja |
| Accusative | *ščedryję | *ščedryję | *ščedraja |
| Genitive | *ščedrъjixъ | *ščedrъjixъ | *ščedrъjixъ |
| Locative | *ščedryjixъ | *ščedryjixъ | *ščedryjixъ |
| Dative | *ščedryjimъ | *ščedryjimъ | *ščedryjimъ |
| Instrumental | *ščedryjimi | *ščedryjimi | *ščedryjimi |
| Vocative | *ščedriji | *ščedryję | *ščedraja |
Derived terms
- *ščedriti (“to provide generously”)
- *ščedra (action noun)
- *ščedrovati (“to do generousity”)
- *ščedrostь, *ščedrota, *ščedryni (“generosity”)
- *ščedrьcь, *ščedrьnьcь (“golden rain (flower)”) (in West, East Slavic)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ще́дрый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “ще́дрий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 502
- Young, Steven (2008), “Winter’s law and etymologies, with special reference to Lithuanian”, in Baltistica, volume 43, pages 201-215
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “ščedrъ ščedra ščedro”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 123; PR 136)”
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