< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žalь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *žàľь

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gḗlˀis, *gḗlˀāˀ, an elongated ē-grade verbal noun of *želti (“to string”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-. Nearly exact cognate with Lithuanian gėlà (“pain, anguish”) (a-stem), gė́lė (“panifully, agonizingly”) (adverb). Further akin to Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “wound, sore”), Proto-Germanic *kwēlō (“agony”).

Noun

*žàlь f[1][2][3]

  1. burial monument
  2. (abstract) regret, sorrow, pity, grief → sorry, woe (as an adverb or interjection)
    Synonyms: *pečalь, *tǫga, *mǫka, *gořestь, *skъrbь

Alternative forms
  • *žalъ m (о-stem, in West Slavic)
  • *žala f (ā-stem)

Inflection
Declension of *žàlь (i-stem, accent paradigm a)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *žàlь *žàli *žàli
Accusative *žàlь *žàli *žàli
Genitive *žàlī *žàlьju, *žàľu* *žàlьjь, *žàlī*
Locative *žàlī *žàlьju, *žàľu* *žàlьxъ
Dative *žàli *žàlьma *žàlьmъ
Instrumental *žàlьjǫ, *žàľǭ* *žàlьma *žàlьmī
Vocative *žali *žàli *žàli
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
  • *žaliti, *žalěti (“to grieve, to mourn”)
    • *žalějь (“lament, whining”)
    • *sъžalěnьje (“pity, compassion”)
  • *žalovati (“to feel sorry for, to pity”)
  • *žalostь, *žalota (“pity, sympathy”)
  • *žalьba (“lament, expression of regret, complaint”), *žaloba (“mourning”)
  • *žalьnъ (“regetful, sorrowful”)
  • *žalъkъ (“pitiful”)
  • желя (želja)
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-‎ (0 c, 8 e)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: жаль (žalĭ)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: žal m
    • Kashubian: żôl m
    • Polish: żal m
    • Slovak: žiaľ m
    • Sorbian:

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žalь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 553: “f. i ‘grief, regret, pity’”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “žȁl”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*ža̋lь”
  3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “žalь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (RPT 99)”
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