< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěpiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From pre-Slavic *(s)koyp- (“to chop, to split”) +‎ *-éyeti. Akin to Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną (“to shift”).

Verb

*cěpìti impf (perfective *cěpnǫti)[1][2]

  1. to hang, to hook
  2. to cleave

Inflection
Conjugation of *cěpiti, *cěpi, *cěpitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*cěpľenьje *cěpiti *cěpitъ *cěpilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *cěpľenъ *cěpimъ
Active *cěpľь *cěpę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *cěpixъ*cěpi*cěpi *cěpľǫ*cěpiši*cěpitь
Dual *cěpixově*cěpista*cěpiste *cěpivě*cěpita*cěpite
Plural *cěpixomъ*cěpiste*cěpišę *cěpimъ*cěpite*cěpętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *cěpľaaxъ*cěpľaaše*cěpľaaše —*cěpi*cěpi
Dual *cěpľaaxově*cěpľaašeta*cěpľaašete *cěpivě*cěpita—
Plural *cěpľaaxomъ*cěpľaašete*cěpľaaxǫ *cěpimъ*cěpite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*cěpivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
  • *cěpnǫti (“to cleave”)
    • *cěpnatina (“cleft”)
  • *cěpati (“to split, to rive”)
    • *cěpanica (“large chisel”)
  • *ščьpiti (“to pinch”)
  • *cěpъ (“slit”)
  • *cěpъka (“crack, cleavage”)
  • *cěpьcь (“splitter (agent)”)
  • *cěpidlo (“splitter (tool)”)
  • *cěpenъ (“split, cracked”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: -цепи́ть (-cepítʹ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: це́пя (cépja)
    • Macedonian: цепи (cepi)
    • Serbo-Croatian: cijépiti
    • Slovene: cepīti (tonal orthography)

References
  1. Olander, Thomas (2001), “cěpiti: cěpjǫ cěpitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b hænge på (PR 137)”
  2. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*cěpiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 185
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