< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/korpъ
Proto-Slavic

*korpъ (Cyprinus carpio)
Etymology
Uncertain. Opinions split between:
- Sobolevsky, Berneker: Of native origin, substantivized from the root of Proto-Slavic *korpa (“toad”), Ukrainian коропа́вий (koropávyj, “scrubby”) (< *korpavъ). Possibly further akin to Lithuanian karpà (“wart”), Lithuanian kar̃pa (“callus”).
- Hirt, Uhlenbeck, Šakhmatov: Borrowed from Germanic, perhaps Gothic *𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*karpa) or Old High German karpo, karpfo. The later is the source of terms without liquid metathesis: Polish karp, Russian карп (karp), etc (borrowed in post-Common Slavic period). Also borrowed in Lithuanian kárpa (“carp”).
- Meyer, Machek: From a pre-Indo-European substrate, spoken in the Danube region.
In either case, related to Old High German karpo, Late Latin carpa. Vasmer excludes Slavic origin for the Germanic terms (and from there for Latin), however, leaves as a possibility spread from some paleo-Balkan or paleo-Pannonian Indo-European dialect.
Reconstruction notes
South Slavic descendants point towards acute root *kőrpъ[1], while East Slavic towards lax *kȍrpъ > Old East Slavic ко́ропъ (kóropŭ).
Declension
Declension of *korpъ (u-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *korpъ | *korpy | *korpove |
Accusative | *korpъ | *korpy | *korpy |
Genitive | *korpu | *korpovu | *korpovъ |
Locative | *korpu | *korpovu | *korpъxъ |
Dative | *korpovi | *korpъma | *korpъmъ |
Instrumental | *korpъmь | *korpъma | *korpъmi |
Vocative | *korpu | *korpy | *korpove |
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*korpъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 90
- Kolomijec, V. T. (1983) Происхождение общеславянских названий рыб [The Origin of the Common Slavic Names of Fish] (К IX Международному съезду славистов) (in Russian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, pages 109-113
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “карп”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ко́роп”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “кара́сь”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “карп”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “крап¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 715
- “karpa”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “krap¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kőrpъ”
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