Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rarogъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*rarogъ

Etymology

Usually believed to be from *rarъ (“noise”) or *rarati (“to make noise”) + *-ogъ. If not, from *rajati (“to make noise”) + *-ogъ. The name refers to the sounds the bird makes. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *rā-, compare Lithuanian rojóti (“to crow”), Proto-Germanic *rairāną (“to roar”).

Since some descendants (Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Ukrainian (from Polish)), or their derivatives, mean “devil”, “demon”, “gnome” etc., some scholars tried to connect the word with *Sъvarogъ (“Svarog (Slavic god of fire)”), with *rarogъ being Svarog's bird demonized durning Christianization. However, both words have different etymologies, and the oldest attestations of these words (Old Czech, Old Polish, Old Ruthenian) mean only “saker”.

Noun

*rarogъ m[1]

saker (any bird of the species Falco cherrug)

Related terms

verbs

*rarati impf (“to make noise”)

Declension

Declension of *rarogъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*rarogъ	*raroga	*rarodzi
Accusative	*rarogъ	*raroga	*rarogy
Genitive	*raroga	*rarogu	*rarogъ
Locative	*rarodzě	*rarogu	*rarodzěxъ
Dative	*rarogu	*rarogoma	*rarogomъ
Instrumental	rarogъmь, rarogomь^*	*rarogoma	*rarogy
Vocative	*rarože	*raroga	*rarodzi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: раров (“species of eagle”) (dialectal)
  
  Latin: rarov (“species of eagle”) (dialectal)
- >? Serbo-Croatian: rarog (“lobster”) (Croatia)
  - Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: rȁrog, rarȍg (“lobster”)
    - → Slovene: rárog (“lobster”)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: raroh
  - Czech: raroh
- Kashubian: raróg
- Old Polish: raróg
  - Polish: raróg; reróg (dialectal)
    - → Old Lithuanian: raragas
  - →? Old Ruthenian: рарогъ (raroh), рарѡгъ (rarôh)
    - Belarusian: рарог (raróh)
    - Ukrainian: ра́ріг (rárih), ра́рог (rároh), рарія f (rarija) (dialectal)
      - → Polish: rarîg
- Slovak: rároh
  - ⇒ Slovak: rárašek, járog, rárožica
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: rаrоh

References

Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “Suf. -ogъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 67

Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “raróg”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 510
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “ра́ріг”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 28
Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2006), “рарог”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volume 11 (раб – сая́н), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 106
Machek, Václav (1968), “raroh”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého, 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 508
Rejzek, Jiří (2001), “raroh” in Český etymologický slovník, page 554
Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007), “rojóti”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 1036
Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “raróg”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 454
Snoj, Marko (2016), “rȃrog”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si

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[1] Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “Suf. -ogъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 67