Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stěna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *staiˀnā́ˀ. Cognate with Proto-West Germanic *stain (“stone”), Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”) and Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “hardens, solidifies”).

Noun

*stěnà f

Declension

Declension of *stěnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*stěnà	*stě̑ně	*stě̑ny
Accusative	*stě̑nǫ	*stě̑ně	*stě̑ny
Genitive	*stěný	*stěnù	*stě̃nъ
Locative	*stě̑ně	*stěnù	stěnàsъ, stěnàxъ^*
Dative	*stěně̀	*stěnàma	*stěnàmъ
Instrumental	*stěnojǫ́	*stěnàma	*stěnàmi
Vocative	*stěno	*stě̑ně	*stě̑ny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Related terms

*stьblo, *stьblь (“stem, stalk, trunk”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стѣна (stěna)
  - Belarusian: сцяна́ (scjaná)
  - Russian: стена́ (stená)
  - Ukrainian: стіна́ (stiná)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: стѣна (stěna)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱑⱀⰰ (stěna)
- Bulgarian: стена́ (stená)
- Macedonian: стена (stena)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: сте́на, стије́на, стѝна (“rock”)
  
  Latin: sténa, stijéna, stìna (“rock”)
- Slovene: stẹ́na (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: stěna
  - Czech: stěna
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): stěna
- Kashubian: scana
- Polabian: sťonă
- Old Polish: ściana
  - Polish: ściana
- Slovak: stena
- Slovincian: scą̃nă
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: sćěna
  - Lower Sorbian: sćěna

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стена”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “стена”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 201
Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “стена”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa

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