Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svěťa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*svě̄ťà

Etymology

From *světiti (“to illuminate, shine”) +‎ *-ja.

Noun

*svě̄ťà f

candle

Inflection

Declension of *svě̄ťà (soft a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*svě̄ťà	*svě̃ťi	*svě̄ťę̇̀
Accusative	*svě̄ťǫ̀	*svě̃ťi	*svě̄ťę̇̀
Genitive	*svě̄ťę̇̀	*svě̄ťù	*svě̃ťь
Locative	*svě̄ťì	*svě̄ťù	svě̄ťàsъ, svě̄ťàxъ^*
Dative	*svě̄ťì	*svě̄ťàma	*svě̄ťàmъ
Instrumental	svě̄ťèjǫ, svě̃ťǫ^**	*svě̄ťàma	*svě̄ťàmī
Vocative	*svěťe	*svě̃ťi	*svě̄ťę̇̀

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*svěťьnikъ (“candlestick, candle holder”)
*svěťařь (“chandler”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: свѣча (svěča)
  - Old Ruthenian: свѣча́ (svěčá), свича́ (svičá)
    - Belarusian: свяча́ (svjačá) (dated)
    - Ukrainian: свіча́ (svičá) (dated)
  - Russian: свеча́ (svečá)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: свѣща (svěšta)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱄⰲⱑⱋⰰ (svěšta)
- Bulgarian: свещ (svešt), свяш (svjaš) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: све́ќа (svéḱa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: све́ћа, свије́ћа
  
  Latin: svéća, svijéća
- Slovene: svẹ́ča (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: sviecě
  - Czech: svíce
- Kashubian: swiéca
- Polabian: svećă
- Old Polish: świeca
  - Polish: świeca
- Slovak: svieca
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: swěca
  - Lower Sorbian: swěca

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 475
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “свеча”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “свеча”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 146

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