< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieiti, “to heat”).
Inflection
Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *topľenьje | *topiti | *topitъ | *topilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *topľenъ | *topimъ |
| Active | *topľь | *topę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *topixъ | *topi | *topi | *topľǫ | *topiši | *topitь |
| Dual | *topixově | *topista | *topiste | *topivě | *topita | *topite |
| Plural | *topixomъ | *topiste | *topišę | *topimъ | *topite | *topętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *topľaaxъ | *topľaaše | *topľaaše | — | *topi | *topi |
| Dual | *topľaaxově | *topľaašeta | *topľaašete | *topivě | *topita | — |
| Plural | *topľaaxomъ | *topľaašete | *topľaaxǫ | *topimъ | *topite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*topìti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “topiti: topjǫ topitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c smelte; drukne (SA 260; PR 140)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “topiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *topi̋ti ‛s segrevanjem raztapljati’”
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “тёплый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 236
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “топи́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Etymology 2
Unclear. Vasmer suggests a possible connection with Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʿatʿawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”), but notes that it's quite conjectural. Trubachev notes that Zubaty and Stang suggest a connection with Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”), Latvian tapt (“to become, to get infected”), effectively from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taptéi (“to get stuck”) + *-iti.
Verb
Inflection
Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *topľenьje | *topiti | *topitъ | *topilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *topľenъ | *topimъ |
| Active | *topľь | *topę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *topixъ | *topi | *topi | *topľǫ | *topiši | *topitь |
| Dual | *topixově | *topista | *topiste | *topivě | *topita | *topite |
| Plural | *topixomъ | *topiste | *topišę | *topimъ | *topite | *topętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *topľaaxъ | *topľaaše | *topľaaše | — | *topi | *topi |
| Dual | *topľaaxově | *topľaašeta | *topľaašete | *topivě | *topita | — |
| Plural | *topľaaxomъ | *topľaašete | *topľaaxǫ | *topimъ | *topite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
- *potopъ (“deluge”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*topìti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “-topiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *topi̋ti ‛potapljati’”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “топи́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
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