Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-miĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*-mïĺ
*-muĺ
*-müĺ

Suffix

*-miĺ

Past tense heard or unclear
‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-miĺ → ‎*sebmiĺ (“(I guess/I heard that) she/he/it loved.”)

Usage notes

Non verbs cannot directly take past tenses. The verb Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be (aux.)”) takes the past tense suffix and with it the meaning of the past tense is provided. For example; ‎*eb er- (“house + to be”) + ‎*-miĺ → ‎*eb ermiĺ (“(I guess/I heard that) it was a house.”).

Related terms

*alt-mïĺ (“sixty”)
*yet-miĺ (“seventy”)
*-ti (past tense seen or clear)
*-gan (verbal adjective)

Descendants

Some of these may indicate that this suffix only survive in forms of *er- (“to be”).

Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: [script needed] (-miş)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: -miş, imiş
  - Ottoman Turkish: ـمش‎ (-miş)
    - Turkish: -miş, imiş, -muş, -müş, -mış
- Turkmen: -miş
- Salar: -miş
Karluk:
- Uzbek: emish
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: имеш (imeş)
- East Kipchak:
  - Southern Altai: эмиш (emiš)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰢𐰾-‎ (-miş), 𐰢𐱁-‎ (-muş)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: -бит (-bit), -быт (-bıt), -бут (-but), -бүт (-büt), -пит (-pit), -пыт (-pıt), -пут (-put), -пүт (-püt)

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-miĺ

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