< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dunnjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dunjaną. Equivalent to *duni + *-jan.

Verb

*dunnjan [1]

  1. to make loud noise

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *dunnjan
1st sg. past *dunidā
Infinitive *dunnjan
Genitive infin. *dunnjannjas
Dative infin. *dunnjannjē
Instrum. infin. *dunnjannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *dunnju *dunidā
2nd singular *dunisi *dunidēs, *dunidōs
3rd singular *duniþi *dunidē, *dunidā
1st plural *dunnjum *dunidum
2nd plural *duniþ *dunidud
3rd plural *dunnjanþ *dunidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *dunnjē *dunidī
2nd singular *dunnjēs *dunidī
3rd singular *dunnjē *dunidī
1st plural *dunnjēm *dunidīm
2nd plural *dunnjēþ *dunidīd
3rd plural *dunnjēn *dunidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *duni
Plural *duniþ
Present Past
Participle *dunnjandī *dunid

Descendants

  • Old English: dynnan, dynian
    • Middle English: dunien, dinien, dunen, dunnen, dinen
  • Old Saxon: dunnian

References

  1. Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 223: “PWGmc *dunʲnʲan”
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