iaceo

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *jakēō. Stative counterpart of iaciō (“to throw”). The meaning must have shifted from “I am thrown down” to “I lie”.

Pronunciation

Verb

iaceō (present infinitive iacēre, perfect active iacuī, supine iacitum); second conjugation, no passive

  1. I lie prostrate, lie down; recline.
    Synonym: cubō
    • Cur in terra iaces? — “Why are you lying on the ground?”
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.218:
      pauper ubīque iacet
      and everywhere the poor man lies prostrated
  2. I am sick, lie ill.
    Synonyms: aegrōtō, cubō
    Antonym: valeō
  3. I linger, stop, tarry, remain.
  4. I am placed or situated, lie.
  5. I am low, flat or level.
  6. I lie still.
  7. I have fallen, lie dead.
  8. I lie in ruins.
  9. I hang down loose.
  10. (of the face or eyes) I am fixed on the ground or cast down.
  11. I am indolent, idle or inactive.
    Synonyms: langueō, dēsideō, vacō, cessō, resideō, sileō, conquiēscō
  12. I am of no avail, lie dormant or abandoned.
  13. I lodge, dwell, abide
    Synonyms: obsideō, cōnsīdō, possideō, habitō, subsīdō, resideō, incolō, colō, stabulō, vīvō, versō
  14. I lie overthrown; I am refuted, fail; I am despised.
  15. (of speech or language) I am languid, dull or lifeless.

Conjugation
   Conjugation of iaceō (second conjugation, active only)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present iaceō iacēs iacet iacēmus iacētis iacent
imperfect iacēbam iacēbās iacēbat iacēbāmus iacēbātis iacēbant
future iacēbō iacēbis iacēbit iacēbimus iacēbitis iacēbunt
perfect iacuī iacuistī iacuit iacuimus iacuistis iacuērunt,
iacuēre
pluperfect iacueram iacuerās iacuerat iacuerāmus iacuerātis iacuerant
future perfect iacuerō iacueris iacuerit iacuerimus iacueritis iacuerint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present iaceam iaceās iaceat iaceāmus iaceātis iaceant
imperfect iacērem iacērēs iacēret iacērēmus iacērētis iacērent
perfect iacuerim iacuerīs iacuerit iacuerīmus iacuerītis iacuerint
pluperfect iacuissem iacuissēs iacuisset iacuissēmus iacuissētis iacuissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — iacē — — iacēte —
future — iacētō iacētō — iacētōte iacentō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives iacēre iacuisse iacitūrum esse — — —
participles iacēns — iacitūrus — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
iacendī iacendō iacendum iacendō iacitum iacitū

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • “iaceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “iaceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • iaceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • scholarship, culture, literature is at a low ebb: litterae iacent, neglectae iacent
    • philosophy is neglected, at low ebb: philosophia (neglecta) iacet (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...)
    • to upset the whole system: totam rationem evertere (pass. iacet tota ratio)
    • the money is bringing in no interest, lies idle: pecunia iacet otiosa
    • the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet)
    • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
    • (ambiguous) to let fall an expression: voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11)
    • (ambiguous) to use threats: minas iacere, iactare
    • (ambiguous) to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere
    • (ambiguous) to discharge missiles: tela iacere, conicere, mittere
    • (ambiguous) to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
    • (ambiguous) to drop anchor: ancoras iacere
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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