naître
See also: naitre
French
Alternative forms
- naitre (post-1990 spelling)
Etymology
From Middle French naistre, from Old French naistre, from Vulgar Latin *nascĕre[1] (perfect *nascī, with irregular hard -c-, metathesized from *naxī), from Latin nāscor, nāscī, from earlier gnāscor, from Proto-Italic *gnāskōr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nɛtʁ/
audio (file) Audio (CAN) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛtʁ
Conjugation
Conjugation of naître (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | naître | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | naissant /nɛ.sɑ̃/ or /ne.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | né /ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | nais /nɛ/ |
nais /nɛ/ |
naît /nɛ/ |
naissons /nɛ.sɔ̃/ or /ne.sɔ̃/ |
naissez /nɛ.se/ or /ne.se/ |
naissent /nɛs/ |
| imperfect | naissais /nɛ.sɛ/ or /ne.sɛ/ |
naissais /nɛ.sɛ/ or /ne.sɛ/ |
naissait /nɛ.sɛ/ or /ne.sɛ/ |
naissions /nɛ.sjɔ̃/ or /ne.sjɔ̃/ |
naissiez /nɛ.sje/ or /ne.sje/ |
naissaient /nɛ.sɛ/ or /ne.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | naquis /na.ki/ |
naquis /na.ki/ |
naquit /na.ki/ |
naquîmes /na.kim/ |
naquîtes /na.kit/ |
naquirent /na.kiʁ/ | |
| future | naîtrai /nɛ.tʁe/ or /ne.tʁe/ |
naîtras /nɛ.tʁa/ or /ne.tʁa/ |
naîtra /nɛ.tʁa/ or /ne.tʁa/ |
naîtrons /nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /ne.tʁɔ̃/ |
naîtrez /nɛ.tʁe/ or /ne.tʁe/ |
naîtront /nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /ne.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | naîtrais /nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ne.tʁɛ/ |
naîtrais /nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ne.tʁɛ/ |
naîtrait /nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ne.tʁɛ/ |
naîtrions /nɛ.tʁi.jɔ̃/ or /ne.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
naîtriez /nɛ.tʁi.je/ or /ne.tʁi.je/ |
naîtraient /nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /ne.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | naisse /nɛs/ |
naisses /nɛs/ |
naisse /nɛs/ |
naissions /nɛ.sjɔ̃/ or /ne.sjɔ̃/ |
naissiez /nɛ.sje/ or /ne.sje/ |
naissent /nɛs/ |
| imperfect2 | naquisse /na.kis/ |
naquisses /na.kis/ |
naquît /na.ki/ |
naquissions /na.ki.sjɔ̃/ |
naquissiez /na.ki.sje/ |
naquissent /na.kis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | nais /nɛ/ |
— | naissons /nɛ.sɔ̃/ or /ne.sɔ̃/ |
naissez /nɛ.se/ or /ne.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
References
- Etymology and history of “naitre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Further reading
- “naître”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norman
Etymology
From Old French naistre, from Vulgar Latin *nascĕre, from Latin nāscor, nāscī.
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