shikamana

Swahili

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-shikamana (infinitive kushikamana)

  1. Static form of -shika: be cohesive or consolidated, stick together

Conjugation
Conjugation of -shikamana
Positive present -nashikamana
Subjunctive -shikamane
Negative -shikamani
Imperative singular shikamana
Infinitives
Positive kushikamana
Negative kutoshikamana
Imperatives
Singular shikamana
Plural shikamaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushikamana
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishikamana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushikamana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashikamana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashikamana/nashikamana tunashikamana
2nd person unashikamana mnashikamana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashikamana wanashikamana
other classes positive subject concord + -nashikamana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shikamani)
Singular Plural
1st person sishikamani hatushikamani
2nd person hushikamani hamshikamani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashikamani hawashikamani
other classes negative subject concord + -shikamani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashikamana
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashikamana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shikamane)
Singular Plural
1st person nishikamane tushikamane
2nd person ushikamane mshikamane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashikamane washikamane
other classes positive subject concord + -shikamane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishikamane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshikamana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshikamana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishikamana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishikamana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashikamana)
Singular Plural
1st person nashikamana twashikamana
2nd person washikamana mwashikamana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashikamana washikamana
m-mi(III/IV) washikamana yashikamana
ji-ma(V/VI) lashikamana yashikamana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashikamana vyashikamana
n(IX/X) yashikamana zashikamana
u(XI) washikamana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashikamana
pa(XVI) pashikamana
mu(XVIII) mwashikamana
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshikamana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashikamana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashikamana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishikamana
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhikamana
Consecutive kashikamana / positive subject concord + -kashikamana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashikamane
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishikamana -tushikamana
2nd person -kushikamana -washikamana/-kushikamaneni/-washikamaneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshikamana -washikamana
m-mi(III/IV) -ushikamana -ishikamana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishikamana -yashikamana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishikamana -vishikamana
n(IX/X) -ishikamana -zishikamana
u(XI) -ushikamana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushikamana
pa(XVI) -pashikamana
mu(XVIII) -mushikamana
Reflexive -jishikamana
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shikamana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shikamanaye -shikamanao
m-mi(III/IV) -shikamanao -shikamanayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shikamanalo -shikamanayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shikamanacho -shikamanavyo
n(IX/X) -shikamanayo -shikamanazo
u(XI) -shikamanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shikamanako
pa(XVI) -shikamanapo
mu(XVIII) -shikamanamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shikamana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshikamana -oshikamana
m-mi(III/IV) -oshikamana -yoshikamana
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshikamana -yoshikamana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshikamana -vyoshikamana
n(IX/X) -yoshikamana -zoshikamana
u(XI) -oshikamana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshikamana
pa(XVI) -poshikamana
mu(XVIII) -moshikamana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -shikamania
    • Causative: -shikamanisha
    • Stative: -shikamanika
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