sjnj

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly from s- (causative prefix) +‎ jnj (“to delay”); however, the intransitivity of this verb speaks against it being a causative.

Pronunciation

Verb
siin
n		 D54

 4ae inf. or caus. 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to hesitate, to wait (+ n: to wait for)

Inflection
Conjugation of sjnj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: sjn
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sjnt, sjnj
 sjnw, sjnyw, sjn
 sjnt, sjnwt, sjnyt
 sjn
 sjn, sjny
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sjn8
 ḥr sjnt, ḥr sjnj
 m sjnt, ḥr sjnj
 r sjnt, ḥr sjnj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect sjn.n
 consecutive sjn.jn
terminative sjnt
perfective3 sjn
 obligative1 sjn.ḫr
imperfective sjn, sjny
prospective3 sjnw, sjn, sjny
 potentialis1 sjn.kꜣ
subjunctive sjn, sjny
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect sjn.n
 — —
perfective sjnw1, sjny, sjn
 sjn
 sjny, sjn
imperfective sjn, sjny, sjnw5
 sjn, sjnj6, sjny6
 sjn, sjnw5
prospective sjnw1, sjny, sjn, sjntj7
 sjnwtj1 4, sjntj4, sjnt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Sometimes this verb is interpreted as a causative; see the etymology section above:

Conjugation of sjnj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sjn, geminated stem: sjnn
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sjnt, sjnj
 sjnw, sjn
 sjnt, sjnwt, sjnyt
 sjn
 sjn, sjny
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sjn
 ḥr sjnt, ḥr sjnj
 m sjnt, m sjnj
 r sjnt, r sjnj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sjn.n
 sjnw, sjn, sjny
 consecutive sjn.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sjnt
perfective3 sjn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 sjn.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sjn, sjny
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sjnw, sjn, sjny
 sjnw, sjn, sjny
 potentialis1 sjn.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sjn, sjny
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sjn.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sjnw1, sjny, sjn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sjn
 sjny, sjn
imperfective sjnn, sjnny, sjnnw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sjnn, sjnnj6, sjnny6
 sjnn, sjnnw5
prospective sjnw1, sjny, sjn, sjntj7
 — sjnwtj1 4, sjntj4, sjnt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

References
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 119
  • Gardiner, Alan H. (1911) “‘To wait for’ in Egyptian” in Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, vol. 49, pages 100–102
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