viên ngoại

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese reading of 員外.

Pronunciation
  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [viən˧˧ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [viəŋ˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ]
  • (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [viəŋ˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩˨] ~ [jiəŋ˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩˨]

Noun

viên ngoại

  1. (historical) ancient official title
  2. (historical) hollow (i.e. honorific, ceremonial) title granted to wealthy notables
  3. (historical) notable
    • 1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], Liễu Văn Ðường edition, published 1866, line 11–12:
      固(Có)茹(nhà)員(viên)外(ngoại)户(họ)王(Vương)
      家(Gia)資(tư)擬(nghĩ)拱(cũng)常(thường)常(thường)堛(bậc)中(trung)
      Once there was a family of modest fortune and average station of a notable named Vương.
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