Ischaemum

Ischaemum is taxonomically one of the most formidable genera in the huge tribe Andropogoneae, belonging to the grass family, widespread in tropical and semitropical regions in many countries.[4][5][6][7] [8]Many species are known commonly as murainagrass.

Murainagrass
Ischaemum sp. in Goa, India
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Andropogonodae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Subtribe: Ischaeminae
Genus: Ischaemum
L.
Type species
Ischaemum muticum
Synonyms[3]
  • Argopogon Mimeur
  • Arthrolophis Chiov.
  • Colladoa Cav.
  • Digastrium (Hack.) A.Camus
  • Ischaemopogon Griseb.
  • Meoschium P.Beauv.
  • Schoenanthus Adans.

In 2022, Shahid Nawaz (an agrostologist, The Blatter Herbarium (BLAT)) described an extremely unusual species in the genus characterised by its dioecious breeding system, it was named as Ischaemum dioecum Landge & R.D. Shinde.[7] This species is strictly narrow endemic to a couple of locations in Western Ghats of Raigad district, Maharashtra, India.[7] The male and female plants are sexually separate individuals and occupy the similar ecological niches.[7] This is the only dioecious species in the entire tribe Andropogoneae in the world.[7]

Species

[3][9][10][11]

  • Ischaemum afrum
  • Ischaemum agastyamalayanum
  • Ischaemum albovillosum
  • Ischaemum amboliense
  • Ischaemum amethystinum
  • Ischaemum anthephoroides
  • Ischaemum apricum
  • Ischaemum arenosum
  • Ischaemum aristatum
  • Ischaemum aureum
  • Ischaemum australe
  • Ischaemum barbatum
  • Ischaemum beccarii
  • Ischaemum bolei
  • Ischaemum bombaiense
  • Ischaemum borii
  • Ischaemum burmanicum
  • Ischaemum byrone - Hilo murainagrass
  • Ischaemum cannanorense
  • Ischaemum celebicum
  • Ischaemum ciliare - batiki bluegrass
  • Ischaemum commutatum
  • Ischaemum copeanum
  • Ischaemum dalzellii
  • Ischaemum decumbens
  • Ischaemum digitatum
  • Ischaemum dioecum- Shahid's Ischaemum
  • Ischaemum diplopogon
  • Ischaemum eberhardtii
  • Ischaemum elimalayanum
  • Ischaemum fieldingianum
  • Ischaemum flumineum
  • Ischaemum fluviatile
  • Ischaemum fragile
  • Ischaemum glaucescens
  • Ischaemum guianense
  • Ischaemum hansenii
  • Ischaemum heterotrichum
  • Ischaemum hubbardii
  • Ischaemum huegelii
  • Ischaemum impressum
  • Ischaemum janarthanamii
  • Ischaemum jayachandranii
  • Ischaemum kingii
  • Ischaemum koenigii
  • Ischaemum koleostachys
  • Ischaemum kumarakodiense
  • Ischaemum lanatum
  • Ischaemum latifolium
  • Ischaemum lisboae
  • Ischaemum longisetum
  • Ischaemum magnum
  • Ischaemum malabaricum
  • Ischaemum merrillii
  • Ischaemum minus
  • Ischaemum mistryi - Mistry's Ischaemum
  • Ischaemum molle
  • Ischaemum murinum
  • Ischaemum muticum - seashore centipede grass, drought grass
  • Ischaemum nairii
  • Ischaemum nativitatis - Christmas Island duck-beak
  • Ischaemum pappinisseriense
  • Ischaemum philippinense
  • Ischaemum polystachyum - paddle grass
  • Ischaemum pubescens
  • Ischaemum pushpangadanii
  • Ischaemum quilonense
  • Ischaemum rangacharianum
  • Ischaemum raui
  • Ischaemum ritchiei
  • Ischaemum roseotomentosum
  • Ischaemum rugosum - ribbed murainagrass
  • Ischaemum santapaui
  • Ischaemum semisagittatum
  • Ischaemum setaceum
  • Ischaemum tenuifolium
  • Ischaemum thomsonianum
  • Ischaemum timorense - stalkleaf murainagrass, lucuntu grass
  • Ischaemum travancorense
  • Ischaemum triticeum
  • Ischaemum tropicum
  • Ischaemum tumidum
  • Ischaemum veldkampii
  • Ischaemum wayanadense
  • Ischaemum yadavii[12]

Formerly included

[3]numerous species now regarded as better suited to other genera: Andropogon, Andropterum, Apocopis, Arundinella, Bothriochloa, Coelorachis, Crypsis, Echinochloa, Eremochloa, Eulaliopsis, Kerriochloa, Lasiurus, Manisuris, Microstegium, Phacelurus, Pogonatherum, Polytrias, Rhytachne, Rottboellia, Sehima, Stenotaphrum, Thuarea, Triplopogon, Tripsacum, Vossia

References
  1. lectotype designated by Green, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 193. 1929
  2. Tropicos, Ischaemum L
  3. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  4. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 1049 in Latin
  5. Catasus Guerra, L. 1997. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, I. Fontqueria 46: [i–ii], 1–259
  6. Landge, Shahid Nawaz (30 June 2021). "Ischaemum mistryi (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): A new remarkable species from Sub-Tropical Evergreen Forest, India". Phytotaxa. 509 (3): 272–280. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.509.3.2. S2CID 237778210 – via Magnolia Press.
  7. Landge, Shahid Nawaz (18 February 2022). "Ischaemum dioecum (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): the most strangest new species from Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India". Phytotaxa. 533 (5): 237–255. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.533.5.1. S2CID 246994613 – via Magnolia Press.
  8. Landge, Shahid Nawaz; Shinde, Rajendra D. (2023-10-06). "On the identity and distribution of Ischaemum flumineum (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) in India". Phytotaxa. 619 (2): 182–188. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.619.2.6. ISSN 1179-3163.
  9. The Plant List search for Ischaemum
  10. Pohl, R. W. & G. Davidse. 1994. 158. Ischaemum L. 6: 386–387. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  11. Bor, N. L. 1960. Grass. Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan i–767. Pergamon Press, Oxford
  12. Gad, H. S. and M. K. Janarthanam. (2007). A new species of Ischaemum (Poaceae) from Goa, India. Kew Bulletin 62(3) 499-501.

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