Mongolian (Unicode block)
Mongolian is a Unicode block containing characters for dialects of Mongolian, Manchu, and Sibe languages. It is traditionally written in vertical lines 
Top-Down, right across the page, although the Unicode code charts cite the characters rotated to horizontal orientation as this is the orientation of glyphs in a font that supports layout in vertical orientation.
| Mongolian | |
|---|---|
| Range | U+1800..U+18AF (176 code points) |
| Plane | BMP |
| Scripts | Mongolian (155 char.) Common (3 char.) |
| Major alphabets | Mongolian Manchu |
| Assigned | 158 code points |
| Unused | 18 reserved code points |
| Unicode version history | |
| 3.0 (1999) | 155 (+155) |
| 5.1 (2008) | 156 (+1) |
| 11.0 (2018) | 157 (+1) |
| 14.0 (2021) | 158 (+1) |
| Unicode documentation | |
| Code chart ∣ Web page | |
| Note: [1][2] | |
The block has dozens of variation sequences defined for standardized variants.[3]
Block
| Mongolian[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+180x | ᠀ | ᠁ | ᠂ | ᠃ | ᠄ | ᠅ | ᠆ | ᠇ | ᠈ | ᠉ | ᠊ | FVS 1 |
FVS 2 |
FVS 3 |
MVS | FVS 4 |
| U+181x | ᠐ | ᠑ | ᠒ | ᠓ | ᠔ | ᠕ | ᠖ | ᠗ | ᠘ | ᠙ | ||||||
| U+182x | ᠠ | ᠡ | ᠢ | ᠣ | ᠤ | ᠥ | ᠦ | ᠧ | ᠨ | ᠩ | ᠪ | ᠫ | ᠬ | ᠭ | ᠮ | ᠯ |
| U+183x | ᠰ | ᠱ | ᠲ | ᠳ | ᠴ | ᠵ | ᠶ | ᠷ | ᠸ | ᠹ | ᠺ | ᠻ | ᠼ | ᠽ | ᠾ | ᠿ |
| U+184x | ᡀ | ᡁ | ᡂ | ᡃ | ᡄ | ᡅ | ᡆ | ᡇ | ᡈ | ᡉ | ᡊ | ᡋ | ᡌ | ᡍ | ᡎ | ᡏ |
| U+185x | ᡐ | ᡑ | ᡒ | ᡓ | ᡔ | ᡕ | ᡖ | ᡗ | ᡘ | ᡙ | ᡚ | ᡛ | ᡜ | ᡝ | ᡞ | ᡟ |
| U+186x | ᡠ | ᡡ | ᡢ | ᡣ | ᡤ | ᡥ | ᡦ | ᡧ | ᡨ | ᡩ | ᡪ | ᡫ | ᡬ | ᡭ | ᡮ | ᡯ |
| U+187x | ᡰ | ᡱ | ᡲ | ᡳ | ᡴ | ᡵ | ᡶ | ᡷ | ᡸ | |||||||
| U+188x | ᢀ | ᢁ | ᢂ | ᢃ | ᢄ | ᢅ | ᢆ | ᢇ | ᢈ | ᢉ | ᢊ | ᢋ | ᢌ | ᢍ | ᢎ | ᢏ |
| U+189x | ᢐ | ᢑ | ᢒ | ᢓ | ᢔ | ᢕ | ᢖ | ᢗ | ᢘ | ᢙ | ᢚ | ᢛ | ᢜ | ᢝ | ᢞ | ᢟ |
| U+18Ax | ᢠ | ᢡ | ᢢ | ᢣ | ᢤ | ᢥ | ᢦ | ᢧ | ᢨ | ᢩ | ᢪ | |||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
Presentation forms
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Notes
Extensions for Sanskrit and Tibetan
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Variations and vowel separation
The Mongolian Unicode block contains its own variation selectors (listed as format controls) for use with the traditional Mongolian alphabet:[5]
- U+180B Mongolian free variation selector one (FVS1)
- U+180C Mongolian free variation selector two (FVS2)
- U+180D Mongolian free variation selector three (FVS3)
- U+180F Mongolian free variation selector four (FVS4)
Additional variations may be also available for traditional Mongolian script characters according to the context of the character, or by using a zero-width joiner (ZWJ, U+200D) and/or a zero width non-joiner (ZWNJ, U+200C) to select the specific form. The block also contains a format control named "Mongolian vowel separator" (MVS, U+180E).
History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Mongolian block:
| Version | Final code points[lower-alpha 1] | Count | UTC ID | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.0 | U+1800..180E, 1810..1819, 1820..1877, 1880..18A9 | 155 | X3L2/90-124 | N667 | "38. 38. Mongolian script", Minutes of SC2/WG2 Meeting 18 in Munich, 1990-11-12 | |
| X3L2/93-066 | N836 | Whistler, Ken (1992-06-27), Proposal for disposition of Chinese Comments on Mongolian characters in DIS 1.2 | ||||
| X3L2/94-086 | N1011 | A proposal about installing Mongolian, Todo, Xibe (Manchu included) scripts into ISO/IEC 10646 BMP, 1994-04-18 | ||||
| X3L2/94-098 | N1033 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1994-06-01), "8.4.2", Unconfirmed Minutes of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Meeting 25, Falez Hotel, Antalya, Turkey, 1994-04-18--22 | ||||
| N1098 | Zhongxiao, Shi (October 1994), Proposal for encoding Mongolian, Todo and Xibe characters on BMP of ISO/IEC 10646 | |||||
| UTC/1995-054 | "Mongolian", Unicode Technical Committee Meeting #66, Draft Minutes, 1995-09-29 | |||||
| X3L2/95-133 | Correspondence from the National Body of Mongolia regarding Coded character set for the Mongolian Script, 1995-10-23 | |||||
| X3L2/96-054 | N1368 | Mongolian script proposal, 1996-04-10 | ||||
| X3L2/96-055 | N1383 | Ad hoc report on Mongolian script - Copenhagen meeting, 1996-04-25 | ||||
| N1353 | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1996-06-25), "8.12", Draft minutes of WG2 Copenhagen Meeting # 30 | |||||
| X3L2/96-102 | N1437 | Report of 3rd international Mongolian encoding meeting, 1996-08-06 | ||||
| X3L2/96-103 | N1438 | Draft on encoding Mongolian character set, 1996-08-08 | ||||
| X3L2/96-113 | Mao, Yong Gang (1996-11-10), About the function of identifiers of Mongolian Proposal | |||||
| N1453 | Ksar, Mike; Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1996-12-06), "8.1", WG 2 Minutes - Quebec Meeting 31 | |||||
| X3L2/96-123 | Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1996-12-18), "4.3 Mongolian", Preliminary Minutes - UTC #71 & X3L2 #168 ad hoc meeting, San Diego - December 5-6, 1996 | |||||
| L2/97-028 | N1497 | Moore, Richard; et al. (1997-01-10), On the Use of Control Symbols in the Mongolian Script Encoding | ||||
| L2/97-035 | N1515 | Moore, Richard; et al. (1997-01-23), Report of the ad-hoc group on Mongolian encoding | ||||
| L2/97-030 | N1503 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1997-04-01), "8.8", Unconfirmed Minutes of WG 2 Meeting #32, Singapore; 1997-01-20--24 | ||||
| L2/97-152 | N1607 | Mongolian proposal review, 1997-06-20 | ||||
| L2/97-165 | N1622 | Corff, Oliver (1997-07-03), Comments on Technical Issues of Mongolian in N 1515 and N1607 | ||||
| L2/97-288 | N1603 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1997-10-24), "8.18", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting # 33, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 20 June – 4 July 1997 | ||||
| L2/98-088 | N1711 | The Working Meeting on Mongolian Encoding Attended by Representatives of China and Mongolia, 1998-02-15 | ||||
| L2/98-104 | N1734 | Whistler, Ken (1998-03-20), Comments on the Mongolian Encoding Proposal, WG2 N1711 | ||||
| L2/98-252 (pdf, txt) | N1833RM (pdf, doc) | Moore, Richard (1998-05-04), Feedback on Ken Whistler's Comments on Mongolian Encoding: N 1734 | ||||
| L2/98-158 | Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-05-26), "Mongolian", Draft Minutes – UTC #76 & NCITS Subgroup L2 #173 joint meeting, Tredyffrin, Pennsylvania, April 20-22, 1998 | |||||
| L2/98-286 | N1703 | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.2", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20 | ||||
| L2/98-251 (pdf, html, txt) | N1808 (pdf, doc) | Reply to "Proposal WG2 N1734" Raised at the Seattle Meeting Regarding "Proposal WG 2 N1711", 1998-07-09 | ||||
| L2/98-272 | Choijingzhab (1998-07-26), Mongolian: China's comments to Richard Moore's feedback in L2/98-252 | |||||
| L2/98-268R | Whistler, Ken (1998-07-30), Analysis and UTC Position Regarding Mongolian Encoding Issues | |||||
| L2/98-281R (pdf, html) | Aliprand, Joan (1998-07-31), "Mongolian (IV.A)", Unconfirmed Minutes – UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998 | |||||
| N1862 | Revision of N1711 - Mongolian, 1998-09-17 | |||||
| N1865 | US Position - Mongolian (N1711, N1734 and N1808), 1998-09-18 | |||||
| L2/98-369 | N1878 | Report of the meetings of the ad-hoc group on Mongolian; London; 21/22 September, 1998, 1998-09-23 | ||||
| L2/98-326 | Subdivision Proposal on JTC 1.02.18.01 for Amendment 29: Mongolian to ISO/IEC 10646-1, 1998-10-28 | |||||
| L2/98-327 | Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 29, AMENDMENT 29: Mongolian, 1998-10-28 | |||||
| N1918 | Paterson, Bruce (1998-10-28), Text for Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot - SC2 N 3208 | |||||
| L2/99-010 | N1903 (pdf, html, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "8.1.3", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25 | ||||
| L2/99-075.1 | N1973 | Irish Comments on SC 2 N 3208, 1999-01-19 | ||||
| L2/99-074 | Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3207, Subdivision Proposal on JTC 1.02.18.01 for Amendment 29: Mongolian, 1999-02-12 | |||||
| L2/99-075 | N1972 (pdf, html, doc) | Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3208, PDAM ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 29: Mongolian, 1999-02-12 | ||||
| N2020 | Paterson, Bruce (1999-04-05), FPDAM 29 Text - Mongolian | |||||
| L2/99-113 | Text for FPDAM ballot of ISO/IEC 10646, Amd. 29 - Mongolian, 1999-04-06 | |||||
| L2/99-232 | N2003 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1999-08-03), "6.1.3 PDAM29 – Mongolian script", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 36, Fukuoka, Japan, 1999-03-09--15 | ||||
| L2/99-254 | N2068 | Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3308, ISO 10646-1/FPDAM 29 - Mongolian, 1999-08-19 | ||||
| L2/99-303 | N2125 | Disposition of Comments Report on SC 2 N 3308, ISO/IEC 10646-1/FPDAM 29 AMD. 29: Mongolian, 1999-09-20 | ||||
| L2/99-304 | N2126 | Paterson, Bruce (1999-10-01), Revised Text for FDAM ballot of ISO/IEC 10646-1/FDAM 29, AMENDMENT 29: Mongolian | ||||
| L2/99-381 | Final text for ISO/IEC 10646-1, FDAM 29 -- Mongolian, 1999-12-07 | |||||
| L2/00-010 | N2103 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-01-05), "6.4.4", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 37, Copenhagen, Denmark: 1999-09-13—16 | ||||
| L2/00-046 | Summary of FDAM voting: ISO 10646 Amendment 29: Mongolian, 2000-02-15 | |||||
| L2/03-065 | Nelson, Paul; Freytag, Asmus (2003-02-13), Use of ZWJ/ZWNJ with Mongolian Variant Selectors and Vowel Separator | |||||
| L2/03-073 | Partridge, Tim (2003-02-27), Error Report on Linebreaking of Mongolian Vowel Separator | |||||
| L2/03-039R | Moore, Lisa (2003-03-14), "Properties - Mongolian Vowel Separator", UTC #94 Minutes | |||||
| L2/05-378 | Muller, Eric (2005-12-05), Proposal to change the script property for three Mongolian punctuation marks | |||||
| L2/06-008R2 | Moore, Lisa (2006-02-13), "B.14.2", UTC #106 Minutes | |||||
| L2/10-279 | Batjargal, Biligsaikhan; et al. (2010-07-30), Mongolian Script Rendering Issues | |||||
| L2/11-401 | Iancu, Laurențiu (2011-10-19), Proposal to assign the Extender property to U+180A MONGOLIAN NIRUGU | |||||
| L2/12-202 | Esfahbod, Behdad (2012-06-01), Proposal to Add Mongolian Letters to ArabicShaping.txt | |||||
| L2/12-360 | Esfahbod, Behdad; Pournader, Roozbeh (2012-11-05), Mongolian and 'Phags-Pa Shaping | |||||
| L2/12-343R2 | Moore, Lisa (2012-12-04), "Properties — Mongolian Shaping", UTC #133 Minutes | |||||
| L2/13-004 | Esfahbod, Behdad (2012-12-20), Proposal to change General Category of MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR from Zs to Cf | |||||
| L2/13-011 | Moore, Lisa (2013-02-04), "Consensus 134-C16", UTC #134 Minutes, Change the general category of U+180E MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR from Zs to Cf, for Unicode 6.3. | |||||
| L2/13-146 | N4435 | Suignard, Michel (2013-05-27), Presentation of vertical scripts | ||||
| L2/13-132 | Moore, Lisa (2013-07-29), "B.1.7 Presentation of vertical scripts", UTC #136 Minutes | |||||
| L2/14-031 | Bell, Aaron; Eck, Greg; Glass, Andrew (2014-01-20), Proposal to update the code charts for Mongolian | |||||
| N4403 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2014-01-28), "11.1.2 Presentation of Vertical scripts (Mongolian and Phags-pa)", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 61, Holiday Inn, Vilnius, Lithuania; 2013-06-10/14 | |||||
| L2/15-304 | Suignard, Michel (2015-08-27), Draft Mongolian variation selectors | |||||
| L2/16-041R | Eck, Greg (2016-01-26), Mongolian discussion documents | |||||
| L2/16-004 | Moore, Lisa (2016-02-01), "Consensus 146-C14", UTC #146 Minutes, Change general category of U+1885 and U+1886 from "Lo" to "Mn", bidi from "L" to "NSM", in Unicode 9.0. | |||||
| L2/16-258 | N4752R2 | Eck, Greg (2016-09-19), Mongolian Base Forms, Positional Forms, & Variant Forms | ||||
| L2/16-259 | N4753 | Eck, Greg; Rileke, Orlog Ou (2016-09-20), WG2 #65 Mongolian Discussion Points | ||||
| L2/16-266 | N4763 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu; Moore, Lisa (2016-09-26), "1. Mongolian", Comments on Mongolian, Small Khitan, and other WG2 #65 documents | ||||
| N4873R (pdf, doc) | "10.3.12", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 65, 2018-03-16 | |||||
| L2/16-297 | N4769 | Anderson, Deborah (2016-10-27), Mongolian ad hoc report | ||||
| L2/16-342 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu (2016-11-07), "11. Mongolian", Recommendations to UTC #149 November 2016 on Script Proposals | |||||
| L2/16-325 | Moore, Lisa (2016-11-18), "C.5.4", UTC #149 Minutes | |||||
| L2/17-037 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Ishida, Richard; Misra, Karan; McGowan, Rick (2017-01-21), "12.b", Recommendations to UTC #150 January 2017 on Script Proposals | |||||
| L2/17-016 | Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "Consensus 150-C25", UTC #150 Minutes, Update Standardizedvariants.txt for Mongolian per document L2/17-035R, for Unicode 10.0. | |||||
| L2/17-035R2 | Dorji, Munkhdelger; Eck, Greg; Sanlig, Badral (2017-04-30), Modify Standardizedvariants.txt file In the Mongolian/Todo Block U+1800 – U+185C PHASE II - Revised | |||||
| L2/17-170 | Liang, Hai (2017-05-12), A minimum set of glyph corrections needed for the 10.0 beta Mongolian code chart | |||||
| L2/17-103 | Moore, Lisa (2017-05-18), "C.5.8", UTC #151 Minutes | |||||
| L2/18-115 | Moore, Lisa (2018-05-09), "Action item 155-A34", UTC #155 Minutes, Add an annotation to Nameslist to note that TODO SOFT HYPHEN is also used for Hudum, for Unicode 11.0. | |||||
| L2/19-122 | Moore, Lisa (2019-05-08), "B.14.1.1", UTC #159 Minutes | |||||
| L2/19-297 | Liang, Hai (2019-07-26), "3.1 Eligible for a future revision of the chart font [Affects U+1834, U+1871, and U+1878]", Preliminary analysis of L2/19-221 (WG2 N5073), China national body's comments on Mongolian | |||||
| L2/19-270 | Moore, Lisa (2019-10-07), "Consensus 60-C20", UTC #160 Minutes | |||||
| 5.1 | U+18AA | 1 | L2/06-013 | N3041 | West, Andrew (2006-01-23), Proposal to encode one Manchu ali gali letter | |
| L2/06-008R2 | Moore, Lisa (2006-02-13), "C.12", UTC #106 Minutes | |||||
| L2/06-285 | N3092 | Supporting references for WG2 N3041, Manchu Ali Gali, 2006-03-27 | ||||
| N3103 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "M48.23", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27 | |||||
| 11.0 | U+1878 | 1 | L2/17-007 | N4781 | West, Andrew; Zhamsoev, Amgalan; Zaytsev, Viacheslav (2017-01-13), Proposal to encode one historical Mongolian letter for Buryat Mongolian | |
| L2/17-016 | Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "C.5.1", UTC #150 Minutes | |||||
| L2/19-297 | Liang, Hai (2019-07-26), "3.1 Eligible for a future revision of the chart font [Affects U+1834, U+1871, and U+1878]", Preliminary analysis of L2/19-221 (WG2 N5073), China national body's comments on Mongolian | |||||
| L2/19-270 | Moore, Lisa (2019-10-07), "Consensus 60-C20", UTC #160 Minutes | |||||
| 14.0 | U+180F | 1 | L2/20-057 | Liang, Hai (2020-01-23), Proposal to add Mongolian Free Variation Selector Four | ||
| L2/20-015R | Moore, Lisa (2020-05-14), "Consensus 162-C25", Draft Minutes of UTC Meeting 162 | |||||
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References
- "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- "Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences". The Unicode Consortium.
- West, Andrew; Zhamsoev, Amgalan; Zaytsev, Viacheslav (2017-01-13). "L2/17-007: Proposal to encode one historical Mongolian letter for Buryat Mongolian" (PDF).
- "Free Variation Selectors" (PDF). www.unicode.org.
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