Napaeus

Napaeus is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Eninae of the family Enidae.[3]

For greek myth figure, see Napaeus (mythology).

Napaeus
Napaeus obesatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Infraorder: Pupilloidei
Superfamily: Pupilloidea
Family: Enidae
Genus: Napaeus
Albers, 1850[1]
Diversity[2]
65 extant + 2 extinct + some undescribed species
Synonyms[3]
  • Buliminus (Napaeus) Albers, 1850
  • Ena (Napaeus) Albers, 1850
  • Napaeus (Macaronapaeus) Kobelt, 1899· accepted, alternate representation
  • Napaeus (Napaeinus) P. Hesse, 1933· accepted, alternate representation
  • Napaeus (Napaeus) Albers, 1850· accepted, alternate representation

Distribution

Napaeus is endemic to the Macaronesia ecoregion: Azores and Canary Islands.[4][5]

Species

There are three recognized subgenera, Macaronapaeus Kobelt, 1899, Napaeus Albers, 1850 and Napaeinus Hesse, 1933.[2]

Species within the genus Napaeus include 18 species on the Tenerife,[4] 17 species[4] on the La Gomera and others. Additionally, 11 new species from the Canary Islands were described in 2011.[2][6][7]

  • Napaeus alabastrinus Frias Martins, 1989
  • Napaeus alucensis Santana & Yanes, 2011- on La Gomera[6]
  • Napaeus anaga (Grasset, 1857)
  • Napaeus aringaensis Yanes et al., 2011[2]
  • Napaeus atlanticus (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
  • Napaeus avaloensis Groh, 2006
  • Napaeus badiosus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
  • Napaeus baeticatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833) - type species[6]
  • Napaeus barquini Alonso & Ibáñez, 2006[8]
  • Napaeus bechi M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1993
  • Napaeus beguirae Henríquez, 1995
  • Napaeus bertheloti (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)
  • Napaeus boucheti M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1993
  • Napaeus chrysaloides (Wollaston, 1878)
  • Napaeus consecoanus (Mousson, 1872)
  • Napaeus delibutus (Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
  • Napaeus delicatus Alonso, Yanes & Ibáñez, 2011[7]
  • Napaeus doliolum Henríquez, 1993
  • Napaeus doloresae Santana, 2013
  • Napaeus elegans M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1995
  • Napaeus encaustus (Shuttleworth, 1852)
  • Napaeus esbeltus Ibáñez & M. R. Alonso, 1995
  • Napaeus estherae Artiles, 2013
  • Napaeus exilis Henríquez, 1995
  • Napaeus gomerensis G. A. Holyoak & D. T. Holyoak, 2011 - on La Gomera[6]
  • Napaeus grohi Yanes et al., 2011[2]
  • Napaeus gruereanus (Grasset, 1857)
  • Napaeus hartungi (Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
  • Napaeus helvolus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
  • Napaeus huttereri Henríquez, 1991
  • Napaeus indifferens (Mousson, 1872)
  • Napaeus inflatiusculus (Wollaston, 1878)
  • Napaeus interpunctatus (Wollaston, 1878)
  • Napaeus isletae Groh & Ibanez, 1992
  • Napaeus josei Yanes et al., 2011[2]
  • Napaeus lajaensis Castillo et al., 2006[9]
  • Napaeus lichenicola M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2007
  • Napaeus maculatus Goodacre, 2006
  • Napaeus maffioteanus (Mousson, 1872)
  • Napaeus magnus Yanes, Deniz, M. R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2013
  • Napaeus minimus Holyoak & Holyoak, 2011[7]
  • Napaeus moquinianus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
  • Napaeus moroi Martín, Alonso & Ibáñez, 2011 - La Gomera[6]
  • Napaeus myosotis (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
  • Napaeus nanodes Shuttleworth, 1852
  • Napaeus obesatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
  • Napaeus ocellatus (Mousson, 1872)
  • Napaeus orientalis Henríquez, 1995
  • Napaeus ornamentatus Moro, 2009
  • Napaeus osoriensis (Wollaston, 1878)
  • Napaeus palmaensis (Mousson, 1872)
  • Napaeus procerus Emerson, 2006
  • Napaeus propinquus (Shuttleworth, 1852)
  • Napaeus pruninus (A. Gould, 1846)
  • Napaeus pygmaeus Ibanez & Alonso, 1993
  • Napaeus roccellicola (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
  • Napaeus rufobrunneus (Wollaston, 1878)
  • Napaeus rupicola (Mousson, 1872)
  • Napaeus savinosus (Wollaston, 1878)
  • † Napaeus servus (Mousson, 1872)
  • Napaeus severus (J. Mabille, 1898)
  • Napaeus subgracilior (Wollaston, 1878)
  • Napaeus subsimplex (Wollaston, 1878)
  • Napaeus tabidus (Shuttleworth, 1852)
  • Napaeus tafadaensis Yanes, 2009
  • Napaeus tagamichensis Henríquez, 1993
  • Napaeus taguluchensis Henríquez, 1993
  • Napaeus tenoensis Henríquez, 1993
  • Napaeus teobaldoi Martín, 2009
  • Napaeus texturatus (Mousson, 1872)
  • Napaeus torilensis Artiles & Deniz, 2011 - on La Gomera[6]
  • Napaeus tremulans (Mousson, 1858)
  • Napaeus validoi Yanes et al., 2011[2]
  • Napaeus variatus (Webb & Berthelot, 1833)
  • Napaeus venegueraensis Yanes et al., 2011[2]
  • Napaeus voggenreiteri Hutterer, 2006
  • Napaeus vulgaris (Morelet & Drouët, 1857)
Species brought into synonymy
  • Napaeus arcuatus (Kuester, 1845): synonym of Pseudonapaeus arcuatus (Kuester, 1845) (unaccepted combination)
  • Napaeus candelaris (L. Pfeiffer, 1846): synonym of Pseudonapaeus candelaris (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) (unaccepted combination)
  • Napaeus coelebs (L. Pfeiffer, 1846): synonym of Pseudonapaeus coelebs (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) (unaccepted combination)
  • Napaeus sindicus (Reeve, 1848): synonym of Pseudonapaeus sindicus (Reeve, 1848) (unaccepted combination)
  • Napaeus vincentii (Gredler, 1898): synonym of Serina vincentii (Gredler, 1898)

References
  1. Albers J. C. (1850). Die Heliceen, nach natürlicher Verwandtschaft systematisch geordnet. pp. 1-262, Taf. 1-59. Berlin. (Enslin). page 179.
  2. Yanes Y., Santana J., Artiles M., Deniz F., Martin J., Alonso M. R. & Ibanez M. (2011). "Five new Napaeus species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from Gran Canaria and El Hierro (Canary Islands)." Zootaxa 2901: 35–51. abstract.
  3. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Napaeus Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=762701 on 2021-08-31
  4. Allgaier C. (2007). "Active Camouflage with Lichens in a Terrestrial Snail, Napaeus (N.) barquini Alonso and Ibáñez, 2006 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)". Zoological Science 24(9): 869–876. doi:10.2108/zsj.24.869.
  5. Tuebingen University (2007, October 31). "Snails As Clever Builders: Active Camouflage In A Snail". ScienceDaily. Accessed October 8, 2010.
  6. Yanes Y., Martín J., Santana J., Holyoak G. A., Holyoak D. T., Artiles M., Deniz F. et al. & Ibáñez M. (2011). "Four new Napaeus species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from La Gomera (Canary Islands)". Journal of Conchology 40(4): 393–407. abstract.
  7. Holyoak G. A., Holyoak D. T., Yanes Y., Alonso M. R., Ibanez M. (2011). "Two new Napaeus species from La Gomera and La Palma (Canary Islands) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) ". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 140(1): 37–48. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/l869-0963/l40/037.
  8. Alonso M. R., Goodacre S. L., Emerson B. C., Ibáñez M., Hutterer R. & Groh K. (2006). "Canarian land snail diversity: conflict between anatomical and molecular data on the phylogenetic placement of five new species of Napaeus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89: 169–187. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00670.x.
  9. Castillo C., Yanes Y., Alonso M. R. & Ibáñez M. (2006). "Napaeus lajaensis sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from a Quaternary Aeolian deposit of Northeast Tenerife, Canary Islands". Zootaxa 1307: 41–54.

Further reading
  • Alonso M. R., Henríquez F. & Ibáñez M. (1995). "Revision of the species group Napaeus variatus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Buliminidae) from the Canary Islands, with description of five new species". Zool Scr 24: 303–320.
  • Yanes Y., Martín J., Moro L., Alonso M. R. & Ibáñez M. (2009). "On the relationships of the genus Napaeus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae), with the description of four new species from the Canary Islands". Journal of Natural History 43(35): 2179–2207.
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