хаан

Buryat

Noun

хаан • (xaan)

  1. king

Mongolian

MongolianCyrillic
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
(qaɣan)
хаан
(xaan)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan). Compare Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣‎ (qaɣan), the title of Bumïn Qaγan, founder of the Turkic Khaganate who reigned in 551–552 CE. Clauson considers Mongolic qaɣan to be a Turkic loanword;[1] yet the reverse (Mongolic into Turkic) is equally as likely, as Turks themselves borrowed the title from Rourans.[2] As early as 3rd century CE general Yinalou, of Mongolic-speaking Xianbei ethnicity, had been recorded addressing chief Murong Tuyuhun as 可寒 (Late Han Chinese: *kʰaiBgɑn[3][4]) the earliest attested form of this title, before 可汗 (kèhán).[5]

According to Pulleyblank, the Xiongnu royal title 護于 (OC *ɢʷraːɡs ɢʷa) mentioned in 1st century BCE is an earlier Chinese transcription of the same word.[1] Vovin (2007) accepts the Xiongnu provenance, proposes that both 護于 (OC *ɦwaʔ-ɦwaʰ) and 單于 (OC dar-ɦʷa) stemmed from a Xiongnu root *qa-/ɢa- "great, ruler", which in turn is related to Proto-Yeniseian *qeʔ "big" (Werner 2002.2:58) and *qʌ:j/χʌ:j "ruler, prince" (Vovin's).[6]

Pronunciation

Noun

хаан • (xaan)

  1. royal or imperial khan; king; monarch ; sovereign ; emperor
    Synonym: эзэн (ezen)
    хаант улс ― xaant uls ― khanate; empire

Declension

  • ханлиг (xanlig)

Adjective

хаан • (xaan)

  1. (attributive) khan; imperial

See also

References

  1. Clauson, Gerard (1972), “xağan:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 611
  2. Vovin, A. (2007) "Once Again on the Etymology of the Title qaγan" in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 12. p. 184-185
  3. Songshu. vol. 96
  4. Schuessler, A. 2007. Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. p. 275, 271)
  5. Zhou, Weizhou [1985] A History of Tuyuhun. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press. →ISBN, pp. 3-6
  6. Vovin, A. (2007) "Once Again on the Etymology of the Title qaγan" in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 12. p. 180-185

Yakut

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kiān, compare Dolgan каан.

Noun

хаан • (qaan)

  1. blood

Derived terms

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