թել
Armenian
Alternative forms
- թիլ (tʿil) – dialectal
Etymology
From Old Armenian թել (tʿel).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [tʰɛl]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [tʰɛl]
Audio (file)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | թել (tʿel) | թելեր (tʿeler) | ||
| dative | թելի (tʿeli) | թելերի (tʿeleri) | ||
| ablative | թելից (tʿelicʿ) | թելերից (tʿelericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | թելով (tʿelov) | թելերով (tʿelerov) | ||
| locative | թելում (tʿelum) | թելերում (tʿelerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | թելը/թելն (tʿelə/tʿeln) | թելերը/թելերն (tʿelerə/tʿelern) | ||
| dative | թելին (tʿelin) | թելերին (tʿelerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | թելս (tʿels) | թելերս (tʿelers) | ||
| dative | թելիս (tʿelis) | թելերիս (tʿeleris) | ||
| ablative | թելիցս (tʿelicʿs) | թելերիցս (tʿelericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | թելովս (tʿelovs) | թելերովս (tʿelerovs) | ||
| locative | թելումս (tʿelums) | թելերումս (tʿelerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | թելդ (tʿeld) | թելերդ (tʿelerd) | ||
| dative | թելիդ (tʿelid) | թելերիդ (tʿelerid) | ||
| ablative | թելիցդ (tʿelicʿd) | թելերիցդ (tʿelericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | թելովդ (tʿelovd) | թելերովդ (tʿelerovd) | ||
| locative | թելումդ (tʿelumd) | թելերումդ (tʿelerumd) | ||
Old Armenian
Etymology
The origin is disputed. The same word is found in several language groups: Iranian – Persian تیلا (“rope; spinning wheel”), Khotanese [script needed] (ttīla-) (from older *tēla-), Ossetian тел (tel), Northern Kurdish têl, Central Kurdish تێل (têl), تەل (tel); Turkic – Ottoman Turkish تل (tel), Azerbaijani tel, Crimean Tatar tel, Gagauz tel, Kumyk тел (tel), Nogai тел (tel), Turkmen til, perhaps also Karakhanid تِلیٖ (tili, “thong”), Chuvash тал (tal, “strand”); Northeast Caucasian — Avar тел (tel), Dargwa тел (tel), Lezgi тел (tel).[1][2][3][4][5][6] The interrelationship of these is not clear; a Turkic origin that has been suggested[3][7] is unconvincing.
According to some, the Armenian is a native term inherited from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, draw”) or *tek- (“to weave”).[8][9][10][11] The rest are then Armenian borrowings, with a high certainty in case of Turkish[12][1][13][14][15][16].
On the other hand, Bailey derives all from Old Iranian *tarθrya-, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”), whence notably English thread, the Armenian and Turkic being Iranian borrowings, in case of Turkic perhaps via Armenian.[17][18][19] Abaev adduces also Persian تار (târ) as a cognate.[6] Note also Central Kurdish تاڵ (tall, “string, cord”).
Note also Hebrew תּוֹר (tōr, “line”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic תּוֹרָא (tōrā, “cord, band”), deriving from Akkadian 𒄙 (/turru, ṭurru/, “yarn, twine, wire, string; a twist of fibers”) and the source of obsolete Arabic تُرّ (turr, “plumb line”), possibly related to the native verb *tawar- (“to go about, to circle, to turn about, to encompass, to come around again; to plait, to braid”), or ultimately from Sumerian 𒄙 (dur, “strip”).
Noun
թել • (tʿel)
- thread, filament; fibre; chord [from 5th c.]
- թել ոսկի ― tʿel oski ― golden thread
- թել արծաթի ― tʿel arcatʿi ― silver thread
- թել երկաթի ― tʿel erkatʿi ― iron or metal wire
- հատանել թելս թելս ― hatanel tʿels tʿels ― to reduce to filaments; to atomize
- թել զթելն յօրինել ― tʿel ztʿeln yōrinel ― to weave thread by thread; to adorn symmetrically
- թելք բանից, պատմութեան ― tʿelkʿ banicʿ, patmutʿean ― the thread of a discourse or story
- հատանել զթել բանին ― hatanel ztʿel banin ― to break the thread of one's argument
- թել կենաց ― tʿel kenacʿ ― the thread of life
- հատանել զթել կենաց ― hatanel ztʿel kenacʿ ― to cut the thread of life, to cut off one's days
Declension
Derived terms
- թելադիր (tʿeladir)
- թելադրեմ (tʿeladrem)
- թելադրութիւն (tʿeladrutʿiwn)
- ոսկեթել (osketʿel)
- ոսկիաթել (oskiatʿel)
Descendants
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թել”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 169–170
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 471a
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*t῾ḗlù”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 401–402
- Chyet, Michael L. (2003), “թել”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 616
- Абаев, В. И. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow, Leningrad: Academy Press, page 288
- Tenišev E. R., Dybo A. V., editor (2006) Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Pratjurkskij jazyk-osnova. Kartina mira pratjurkskovo etnosa po dannym jazyka [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: The Proto-Turkic basic language. The World Picture of the Proto-Turkic ethnos (by language data)] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Nauka, pages 811–812
- Pedersen (Pedersən), Holger (1907) Hayerēn ew dracʿi lezunerə [Armenian and the Neighbouring Languages] (in Armenian), translated into Armenian by H. Tʿovmas Ketikean, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 234
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 233
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “թել”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 263a
- Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 200
- Kraelitz, Friedrich (1913), “Türkische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 27, pages 131–132
- Gayayan, Harutʿyun (1977), “Gorgagorcutʿyan meǰ kiraṙvoł hayeren pʿoxaṙyal baṙer tʿurkʿerenum [Armenian Borrowings in Turkish, Used in Carpet Making]”, in Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri [Herald of the Social Sciences] (in Armenian), issue 8, pages 86–87
- Bläsing, Uwe (1992) Armenisches Lehngut im Türkeitürkischen am Beispiel von Hemşin (Dutch Studies in Armenian Language and Literature; 2) (in German), Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 13–14
- Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 47
- Eren, Hasan (1999), “tel”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 400b
- Bailey, H. W. (1966), “The Sudhana Poem of Ṛddhiprabhāva”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 29, issue 3, page 524
- Bailey, H. W. (1970), “A Range of Iranica”, in Mary Boyce, Ilya Gershevitch, editors, W.B. Henning memorial volume, London: Lund Humphries, pages 30–33
- Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 129b
Further reading
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “թել”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “թել”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy