ء ث م

Cognate with Hebrew א־ש־ם‎ (ʾ-š-m) and Ugaritic 𐎀𐎘𐎎 (ảṯm, “to be in debt for”). The origin, beyond its mere presence during Central Semitic unity, is unknown. A relation with و ث م‎ (w-ṯ-m), which refers to some basic idea of compaction, comminution and paucity, is possible: compare the root relation of إِبِل‎ (ʔibil).

ء ث م • (ʔ-ṯ-m)

1. related to acts which retard from recompense, hence sin

Verbs and verb derivatives

• Form I: أَثِمَ‎ (ʔaṯima, “to act in a manner that retards from recompense, to sin”)
  • Verbal noun: إِثْم‎ (ʔiṯm), أَثَام‎ (ʔaṯām), مَأْثَم‎ (maʔṯam)
  • Active participle: آثِم‎ (ʔāṯim)
• Form II: أَثَّمَ‎ (ʔaṯṯama, “to make or consider a sinner”)
  • Verbal noun: تَأْثِيم‎ (taʔṯīm)
  • Active participle: مُؤَثِّم‎ (muʔaṯṯim)
  • Passive participle: مُؤَثَّم‎ (muʔaṯṯam)
• Form IV: آثَمَ‎ (ʔāṯama, “to make fall into sin”)
  • Verbal noun: إِيثَام‎ (ʔīṯām)
  • Active participle: مُؤْثِم‎ (muʔṯim)
  • Passive participle: مُؤْثَم‎ (muʔṯam)
• Form V: تَأَثَّمَ‎ (taʔaṯṯama, “to become sinful”)
  • Verbal noun: تَأَثُّم‎ (taʔaṯṯum)
  • Active participle: مُتَأَثِّم‎ (mutaʔaṯṯim)

• أَثِيم‎ (ʔaṯīm), آثُوم‎ (ʔāṯūm) as also آثِم‎ (ʔāṯim, “sinful”)
• أَثِيم‎ (ʔaṯīm), أَثِيمَة‎ (ʔaṯīma, “the habitual commission of acts which retard from recompense”)
• آثِمَة‎ (ʔāṯima, “a tardy she-camel”)

• Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 12
• Freytag, Georg (1830), “ء ث م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 14; see Freytag, Georg (1837), “و ث م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 435b–436a
• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 206
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “ء ث م”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 21–22
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “ء ث م”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 6a