أخ

See also: اخ‎, آخ‎, آچ‎, and آج‎

Arabic

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʾaḫ-, from the root ء خ و‎ (ʔ-ḵ-w). Cognate with Hebrew אח‎ (akh).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔax/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

أَخ • (ʔaḵ) m (construct state أَخُو‎ (ʔaḵū), dual أَخَوَان‎ (ʔaḵawān), plural إِخْوَة‎ (ʔiḵwa) or إِخْوَان‎ (ʔiḵwān), feminine أُخْت‎ (ʔuḵt))

  1. brother

Usage notes
  • أخ is used literally as well as figuratively. Moreover, أخ includes both full brothers and half brothers. The synonym شَقِيق‎ (šaqīq) refers to full brothers exclusively.

Declension
Declension of noun أَخ (ʔaḵ)
Singular singular long construct
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَخ
ʔaḵ		 الْأَخ‎
al-ʔaḵ		 أَخُو‎
ʔaḵū
Nominative أَخٌ
ʔaḵun		 الْأَخُ‎
al-ʔaḵu		 أَخُو‎
ʔaḵū
Accusative أَخًا‎
ʔaḵan		 الْأَخَ‎
al-ʔaḵa		 أَخَا‎
ʔaḵā
Genitive أَخٍ
ʔaḵin		 الْأَخِ‎
al-ʔaḵi		 أَخِي‎
ʔaḵī
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَخَوَيْن‎
ʔaḵawayn		 الْأَخَوَيْن‎
al-ʔaḵawayn		 أَخَوَيْ‎
ʔaḵaway
Nominative أَخَوَانِ‎
ʔaḵawāni		 الْأَخَوَانِ‎
al-ʔaḵawāni		 أَخَوَا‎
ʔaḵawā
Accusative أَخَوَيْنِ‎
ʔaḵawayni		 الْأَخَوَيْنِ‎
al-ʔaḵawayni		 أَخَوَيْ‎
ʔaḵaway
Genitive أَخَوَيْنِ‎
ʔaḵawayni		 الْأَخَوَيْنِ‎
al-ʔaḵawayni		 أَخَوَيْ‎
ʔaḵaway
Plural broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal إِخْوَة‎‎; إِخْوَان‎
ʔiḵwa‎; ʔiḵwān		 الْإِخْوَة‎‎; الْإِخْوَان‎
al-ʔiḵwa‎; al-ʔiḵwān		 إِخْوَة‎‎; إِخْوَان‎
ʔiḵwat‎; ʔiḵwān
Nominative إِخْوَةٌ‎‎; إِخْوَانٌ‎
ʔiḵwatun‎; ʔiḵwānun		 الْإِخْوَةُ‎‎; الْإِخْوَانُ‎
al-ʔiḵwatu‎; al-ʔiḵwānu		 إِخْوَةُ‎‎; إِخْوَانُ‎
ʔiḵwatu‎; ʔiḵwānu
Accusative إِخْوَةً‎‎; إِخْوَانًا‎
ʔiḵwatan‎; ʔiḵwānan		 الْإِخْوَةَ‎‎; الْإِخْوَانَ‎
al-ʔiḵwata‎; al-ʔiḵwāna		 إِخْوَةَ‎‎; إِخْوَانَ‎
ʔiḵwata‎; ʔiḵwāna
Genitive إِخْوَةٍ‎‎; إِخْوَانٍ‎
ʔiḵwatin‎; ʔiḵwānin		 الْإِخْوَةِ‎‎; الْإِخْوَانِ‎
al-ʔiḵwati‎; al-ʔiḵwāni		 إِخْوَةِ‎‎; إِخْوَانِ‎
ʔiḵwati‎; ʔiḵwāni

Synonyms
  • مُكْرَهٌ أَخَاكَ لَا بَطَلٌ‎ (mukrahun ʔaḵāka lā baṭalun, proverb)[sic]
  • إِخَاء‎ (ʔiḵāʔ, verbal noun ofآخَى‎ (ʔāḵā))
  • إِخَاوَة‎ (ʔiḵāwa)
  • أُخْت‎ (ʔuḵt)
  • أَخَوِيّ‎ (ʔaḵawiyy, “brotherly”)
  • أُخُوَّة‎ (ʔuḵuwwa, “brotherhood”)
  • تَآخٍ‎ (taʔāḵin)

Descendants
  • Gulf Arabic: أخو‎ (uḵu)
  • Maltese: ħu
  • Moroccan Arabic: أخ‎ (ʔaḵḵ), (construct state) خو‎ (ḵū), (construct state) خا‎ (ḵā)
  • → English: akh, akhi
  • → Malayalam: ഇക്ക (ikka)
  • → Portuguese: Lafões

See also

References
  • Wehr, Hans (1979), “ءخو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic أَخ‎ (ʔaḵ).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔaxː/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

أخ • (ʔaḵḵ) m (construct state خو‎ (ḵū) or خا‎ (ḵā), plural خوت‎ (ḵūt) or خاوة‎ (ḵāwa), feminine أخت‎ (ʔuḵt))

  1. brother, male sibling
    Synonym: خوادري‎ (ḵwādri)
    ‏خوك‎ ― ḵūk ― your brother
    ‏ولد خاها‎ ― wuld ḵāha ― her fraternal nephew

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic أَخ‎ (ʔaḵ).

Noun

أخ • (ʔaḵḵ) m (construct state أخو‎ (ʔaḵu), plural إخوة‎ (ʔiḵwe) or إخوات‎ (ʔiḵwāt) or إخوان‎ (ʔiḵwān), feminine إخت‎ (ʔiḵt))

  1. brother
    Synonym: (Lebanon) خي‎ (ḵayy)

Usage notes
  • The plural إخوة‎ (ʔiḵwe) is used for actual brothers, إخوات‎ (ʔiḵwāt) can refer to siblings gender-neutrally, while إخوان‎ (ʔiḵwān) is used for brothers in a wider sense (friends, fellow believers etc.).
  • When a suffix pronoun is added, either أب‎ (ʔaḵ-) or the construct form is used, e.g. أخي / أخوي‎ (ʔaḵi / ʔaḵūy, “my brother”).

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic أَخ‎ (ʔaḵ).

Noun

أخّ • (ʔaḵḵ) m (construct state أخو‎ (ʔaḵu), plural إخوة‎ (ʔiḵwe) or إخوان‎ (ʔiḵwān), feminine أخت‎ (ʔuḵt))

  1. Alternative form of أخو‎ (ʔaḵu, “brother”)
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