أرز

See also: ارز‎ and أزر‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

The tree is native to the region north of Israel and Judea. Borrowed into Arabic and Ge'ez አርዝ (ʾärz) and before the pertinent vowel change into Hebrew אֶרֶז‎ (ʾérez, “cedar”) from Aramaic אַרְזָא‎ / ܐܪܙܐ‎ (ʾarzā, “cedar”), also found in Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎇 (ảrz, “cedar”), continuing Akkadian 𒄑𒂞 (^GIŠERIN /erēnu, erinnu/) from Sumerian 𒄑𒂞 (^GIŠERIN /eren/), which also passed into Hittite 𒄑𒂞 (^GIŠERIN /herin(a)-/, “cedar”) and also Hurrian 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒅎𒁉 (^GIŠe-ri-im-bi /erimbi/), 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒁉 (^GIŠe-ri-bi /eribi/, “cedar”) and thence back into a Hittite alternative form. While Rabin argues for a Hittite origin of the word, the form ʾarz recalls Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā (“juniper”), which is not remote in meaning – Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros) also means both cedar and juniper.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔarz/

Noun

أَرْز • (ʔarz) m (collective, singulative أَرْزَة‎ f (ʔarza))

cedar (Cedrus gen. et spp.)
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 7, Art. 22, page 287:
  ‏وأما غراسة الأرز وهو الذي يسمى السرول
  قال هو نوعان أحدهما يشبه الطرفاء والآخر يشبه العرعر‎
  About the planting of the cedar which is called cypress
  there are two kinds, one resembles the tamarisk and the other resembles the juniper.
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 34, Art. 6, pages 721–722:
  ‏وقال غيره يتخذ لها الخلايا من خشب الأرز ومن طين طيب الريح وتطين الخلايا من خارجها برماد وأخثاء البقر مدقوق معجون بالماء ويتخذ لها بعض الناس الخلايا من قشور الشبر وتسميه العامة «جناحا»‎‎
  And another author said that for beehives cedar wood and clay of good smell is taken and the beehives are daubed from the outside with ash and cow dung powdered and kneaded with water, and some people take for beehives the barks of the cork oak, generally called “wings”.

Declension

Declension of noun أَرْز (ʔarz)

Collective	basic collective triptote
Collective	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْز ʔarz	الْأَرْز‎ al-ʔarz	أَرْز ʔarz
Nominative	أَرْزٌ ʔarzun	الْأَرْزُ‎ al-ʔarzu	أَرْزُ ʔarzu
Accusative	أَرْزًا‎ ʔarzan	الْأَرْزَ‎ al-ʔarza	أَرْزَ ʔarza
Genitive	أَرْزٍ ʔarzin	الْأَرْزِ‎ al-ʔarzi	أَرْزِ ʔarzi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singulative	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْزَة‎ ʔarza	الْأَرْزَة‎ al-ʔarza	أَرْزَة‎ ʔarzat
Nominative	أَرْزَةٌ‎ ʔarzatun	الْأَرْزَةُ‎ al-ʔarzatu	أَرْزَةُ‎ ʔarzatu
Accusative	أَرْزَةً‎ ʔarzatan	الْأَرْزَةَ‎ al-ʔarzata	أَرْزَةَ‎ ʔarzata
Genitive	أَرْزَةٍ‎ ʔarzatin	الْأَرْزَةِ‎ al-ʔarzati	أَرْزَةِ‎ ʔarzati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْزَتَيْن‎ ʔarzatayn	الْأَرْزَتَيْن‎ al-ʔarzatayn	أَرْزَتَيْ‎ ʔarzatay
Nominative	أَرْزَتَانِ‎ ʔarzatāni	الْأَرْزَتَانِ‎ al-ʔarzatāni	أَرْزَتَا‎ ʔarzatā
Accusative	أَرْزَتَيْنِ‎ ʔarzatayni	الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ‎ al-ʔarzatayni	أَرْزَتَيْ‎ ʔarzatay
Genitive	أَرْزَتَيْنِ‎ ʔarzatayni	الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ‎ al-ʔarzatayni	أَرْزَتَيْ‎ ʔarzatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
Paucal (3-10)	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْزَات‎ ʔarzāt	الْأَرْزَات‎ al-ʔarzāt	أَرْزَات‎ ʔarzāt
Nominative	أَرْزَاتٌ‎ ʔarzātun	الْأَرْزَاتُ‎ al-ʔarzātu	أَرْزَاتُ‎ ʔarzātu
Accusative	أَرْزَاتٍ‎ ʔarzātin	الْأَرْزَاتِ‎ al-ʔarzāti	أَرْزَاتِ‎ ʔarzāti
Genitive	أَرْزَاتٍ‎ ʔarzātin	الْأَرْزَاتِ‎ al-ʔarzāti	أَرْزَاتِ‎ ʔarzāti

أَرُزّ

أَرُزّ

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔa.ruzz/ and IPA^(key): /ʔu.ruzz/
Audio (file)

Noun

أَرُزّ or أُرُزّ • (ʔaruzz or ʔuruzz) m

(uncountable) rice

Declension

Declension of noun أَرُزّ (ʔaruzz)‎; أُرُزّ (ʔuruzz)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرُزّ‎; أُرُزّ ʔaruzz‎; ʔuruzz	الْأَرُزّ‎‎; الْأُرُزّ‎ al-ʔaruzz‎; al-ʔuruzz	أَرُزّ‎; أُرُزّ ʔaruzz‎; ʔuruzz
Nominative	أَرُزٌّ‎; أُرُزٌّ ʔaruzzun‎; ʔuruzzun	الْأَرُزُّ‎‎; الْأُرُزُّ‎ al-ʔaruzzu‎; al-ʔuruzzu	أَرُزُّ‎; أُرُزُّ ʔaruzzu‎; ʔuruzzu
Accusative	أَرُزًّا‎‎; أُرُزًّا‎ ʔaruzzan‎; ʔuruzzan	الْأَرُزَّ‎‎; الْأُرُزَّ‎ al-ʔaruzza‎; al-ʔuruzza	أَرُزَّ‎; أُرُزَّ ʔaruzza‎; ʔuruzza
Genitive	أَرُزٍّ‎; أُرُزٍّ ʔaruzzin‎; ʔuruzzin	الْأَرُزِّ‎‎; الْأُرُزِّ‎ al-ʔaruzzi‎; al-ʔuruzzi	أَرُزِّ‎; أُرُزِّ ʔaruzzi‎; ʔuruzzi

Synonyms

رُزّ‎ (ruzz)

Descendants

→ Ottoman Turkish: ارز‎ (ürüz, erz)

Etymology 3

Of onomatopoeic origin from a ringing telephone. At its time one also employed إِرْزِيز‎ (ʔirzīz) for the new device of a telephone.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔa.raz.za/

Verb

أَرَزَّ • (ʔarazza) IV, non-past يُرِزُّ‎‎ (yurizzu) (obsolete)

to telephone, to ring up

Conjugation

Conjugation of

أَرَزَّ

(form-IV geminate)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					إِرْزَاز‎ ʔirzāz
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُرِزّ‎ murizz
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُرَزّ‎ murazz
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَرْزَزْتُ‎ ʔarzaztu	أَرْزَزْتَ‎ ʔarzazta	أَرَزَّ ʔarazza	أَرْزَزْتُمَا‎ ʔarzaztumā	أَرَزَّا‎ ʔarazzā	أَرْزَزْنَا‎ ʔarzaznā	أَرْزَزْتُمْ‎ ʔarzaztum	أَرَزُّوا‎ ʔarazzū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	أَرْزَزْتُ‎ ʔarzaztu	أَرْزَزْتِ‎ ʔarzazti	أَرَزَّتْ‎ ʔarazzat	أَرْزَزْتُمَا‎ ʔarzaztumā	أَرَزَّتَا‎ ʔarazzatā	أَرْزَزْنَا‎ ʔarzaznā	أَرْزَزْتُنَّ‎ ʔarzaztunna	أَرْزَزْنَ‎ ʔarzazna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرِزُّ ʔurizzu	تُرِزُّ‎ turizzu	يُرِزُّ‎ yurizzu	تُرِزَّانِ‎ turizzāni	يُرِزَّانِ‎ yurizzāni	نُرِزُّ‎ nurizzu	تُرِزُّونَ‎ turizzūna	يُرِزُّونَ‎ yurizzūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُرِزُّ ʔurizzu	تُرِزِّينَ‎ turizzīna	تُرِزُّ‎ turizzu	تُرِزَّانِ‎ turizzāni	تُرِزَّانِ‎ turizzāni	نُرِزُّ‎ nurizzu	تُرْزِزْنَ‎ turzizna	يُرْزِزْنَ‎ yurzizna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرِزَّ ʔurizza	تُرِزَّ‎ turizza	يُرِزَّ‎ yurizza	تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā	يُرِزَّا‎ yurizzā	نُرِزَّ‎ nurizza	تُرِزُّوا‎ turizzū	يُرِزُّوا‎ yurizzū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُرِزَّ ʔurizza	تُرِزِّي‎ turizzī	تُرِزَّ‎ turizza	تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā	تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā	نُرِزَّ‎ nurizza	تُرْزِزْنَ‎ turzizna	يُرْزِزْنَ‎ yurzizna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرِزَّ or أُرِزِّ or أُرْزِزْ‎ ʔurizza or ʔurizzi or ʔurziz	تُرِزَّ‎ or تُرِزِّ‎ or تُرْزِزْ‎ turizza or turizzi or turziz	يُرِزَّ‎ or يُرِزِّ‎ or يُرْزِزْ‎ yurizza or yurizzi or yurziz	تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā	يُرِزَّا‎ yurizzā	نُرِزَّ‎ or نُرِزِّ‎ or نُرْزِزْ‎ nurizza or nurizzi or nurziz	تُرِزُّوا‎ turizzū	يُرِزُّوا‎ yurizzū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُرِزِّي‎ turizzī	تُرِزَّ‎ or تُرِزِّ‎ or تُرْزِزْ‎ turizza or turizzi or turziz	تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā	تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā		تُرْزِزْنَ‎ turzizna	يُرْزِزْنَ‎ yurzizna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		أَرِزَّ or أَرِزِّ or أَرْزِزْ‎ ʔarizza or ʔarizzi or ʔarziz		أَرِزَّا‎ ʔarizzā			أَرِزُّوا‎ ʔarizzū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		أَرِزِّي‎ ʔarizzī		أَرِزَّا‎ ʔarizzā			أَرْزِزْنَ‎ ʔarzizna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أُرْزِزْتُ‎ ʔurziztu	أُرْزِزْتَ‎ ʔurzizta	أُرِزَّ ʔurizza	أُرْزِزْتُمَا‎ ʔurziztumā	أُرِزَّا‎ ʔurizzā	أُرْزِزْنَا‎ ʔurziznā	أُرْزِزْتُمْ‎ ʔurziztum	أُرِزُّوا‎ ʔurizzū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	أُرْزِزْتُ‎ ʔurziztu	أُرْزِزْتِ‎ ʔurzizti	أُرِزَّتْ‎ ʔurizzat	أُرْزِزْتُمَا‎ ʔurziztumā	أُرِزَّتَا‎ ʔurizzatā	أُرْزِزْنَا‎ ʔurziznā	أُرْزِزْتُنَّ‎ ʔurziztunna	أُرْزِزْنَ‎ ʔurzizna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَزُّ ʔurazzu	تُرَزُّ‎ turazzu	يُرَزُّ‎ yurazzu	تُرَزَّانِ‎ turazzāni	يُرَزَّانِ‎ yurazzāni	نُرَزُّ‎ nurazzu	تُرَزُّونَ‎ turazzūna	يُرَزُّونَ‎ yurazzūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُرَزُّ ʔurazzu	تُرَزِّينَ‎ turazzīna	تُرَزُّ‎ turazzu	تُرَزَّانِ‎ turazzāni	تُرَزَّانِ‎ turazzāni	نُرَزُّ‎ nurazzu	تُرْزَزْنَ‎ turzazna	يُرْزَزْنَ‎ yurzazna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَزَّ ʔurazza	تُرَزَّ‎ turazza	يُرَزَّ‎ yurazza	تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā	يُرَزَّا‎ yurazzā	نُرَزَّ‎ nurazza	تُرَزُّوا‎ turazzū	يُرَزُّوا‎ yurazzū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُرَزَّ ʔurazza	تُرَزِّي‎ turazzī	تُرَزَّ‎ turazza	تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā	تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā	نُرَزَّ‎ nurazza	تُرْزَزْنَ‎ turzazna	يُرْزَزْنَ‎ yurzazna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَزَّ or أُرَزِّ or أُرْزَزْ‎ ʔurazza or ʔurazzi or ʔurzaz	تُرَزَّ‎ or تُرَزِّ‎ or تُرْزَزْ‎ turazza or turazzi or turzaz	يُرَزَّ‎ or يُرَزِّ‎ or يُرْزَزْ‎ yurazza or yurazzi or yurzaz	تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā	يُرَزَّا‎ yurazzā	نُرَزَّ‎ or نُرَزِّ‎ or نُرْزَزْ‎ nurazza or nurazzi or nurzaz	تُرَزُّوا‎ turazzū	يُرَزُّوا‎ yurazzū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُرَزِّي‎ turazzī	تُرَزَّ‎ or تُرَزِّ‎ or تُرْزَزْ‎ turazza or turazzi or turzaz	تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā	تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā		تُرْزَزْنَ‎ turzazna	يُرْزَزْنَ‎ yurzazna

Verb

أَرُزُّ • (ʔaruzzu) (form I)

first-person singular non-past active indicative of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أَرُزَّ • (ʔaruzza) (form I)

first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)
first-person singular non-past active jussive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أَرُزِّ • (ʔaruzzi) (form I)

first-person singular non-past active jussive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أُرَزُّ • (ʔurazzu) (form I)

first-person singular non-past passive indicative of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أُرَزَّ • (ʔurazza) (form I)

first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)
first-person singular non-past passive jussive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أُرَزِّ • (ʔurazzi) (form I)

first-person singular non-past passive jussive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

References

Löw, Immanuel (1924–1934) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 17–26
Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 43, noting it is rare in pre-classical Arabic and Arabic savants struggle to define it as they do not know the tree.
Puhvel, Jaan (1984–) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation), volume 3, page 301
Rabin, Chaim (1965), “Millīm ḥittiyōṯ bəʿiḇrīṯ”, in Sefer Segal (in Hebrew), Jerusalem: Kiryat Sefer, page 164–165 of 151–179 according to Leslau, Wolf (1991), “አርዝ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 41a
Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2004), “A Botanical Snapshot of Ugaritic”, in Aula Orientalis‎, volume 22, issue 1, Barcelona, page 113
“eren [CEDAR]”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary, University of Pennsylvania, 2006

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic أَرْز‎ (ʔarz).

Noun

أرز • (ʔarz) m (collective, singulative أرزة‎ f (ʔarze), paucal أرزات‎ (ʔarzāt))

(collective) cedars

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