أما

See also: آما‎, اما‎, and إما‎

Arabic

Etymology

Univerbation of أَن‎ (ʔan, “that”) +‎ مَا‎ (mā, relative), the original thought being “that this matter be touched”, “be it that”, or just a dialectal variant of disjunctive إِمَّا‎ (ʔimmā, “be it that”) as أَمَّا‎ (ʔammā) can well be used for positing two alternatives.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔam.maː/

Conjunction

أَمَّا • (ʔammā)

  1. as for; followed by a noun or pronoun, itself followed by the particle فَـ‎ (fa-)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 92:4-10:
      ‏إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى
      فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَٱتَّقَى
      وَصَدَّقَ بِٱلْحُسْنَى
      فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى
      وَأَمَّا مَن بَخِلَ وَٱسْتَغْنَى
      وَكَذَّبَ بِٱلْحُسْنَى
      فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى
      ‎
      ʔinna saʕyakum lašattā
      fa-ʔammā man ʔaʕṭā wa-ttaqā
      wa-ṣaddaqa bi-l-ḥusnā
      fa-sanuyassiruhu li-l-yusrā
      wa-ʔammā man baḵila wa-staḡnā
      wa-kaḏḏaba bi-l-ḥusnā
      fa-sanuyassiruhu li-l-ʕusrā
      Indeed, your efforts are diverse.
      As for he who gives and fears Allah
      And believes in the best [reward],
      We will ease him toward ease.
      But as for he who withholds and considers himself free of need
      And denies the best [reward],
      We will ease him toward difficulty.
    • ‏وَلَمْ أَرَ كَٱلمَعْرُوفِ؛ أَمَّا مَذَاقُهُ / فَحُلْوٌ، وَأَمَّا وَجْهُهُ فَجَمِيلُ‎
      wa-lam ʔara ka-l-maʕrūfi; ʔammā maḏāquhu / fa-ḥulwun, wa-ʔammā wajhuhu fa-jamīlu
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Derived terms

  • أَمَّا بَعْدُ‎ (ʔammā baʕdu)

Descendants

  • Maltese: imma
  • Moroccan Arabic: أما‎ (ʔamma)
  • → Azerbaijani: amma
  • → Bashkir: әммә (ämmä)
  • → Persian: اما‎ (ammâ)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: اما‎ (ammâ)
    • Turkish: ama
    • → Albanian: ama (Kosovo)
    • → Armenian: ամա (ama), ամմա (amma)
    • → Laz: ამა (ama)
  • → Urdu: اما‎ (ammâ)
  • → Hausa: àmmā

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic أَمَّا‎ (ʔammā).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔam.ma/
  • (file)

Conjunction

أما • (ʔamma)

  1. as for
  2. but

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic أَمَّا‎ (ʔammā).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔam.ma/, [ˈʔam.ma]
  • (file)

Conjunction

أما • (ʔamma)

  1. whereas, as for, but
    ‏ألف شيكل ممكن اعطيك — أمّا ألفين، هلا والله ما بقدر.‎‎
    ʔalf šēkel mumken aʕṭīk, ʔamma ʔalfēn halla walla mā baʔdar.
    I can give you a thousand shekels — as for two thousand, I really can't right now.
    ‏كل هادا، معليش — أمّا يكذب علي كمان؟‎‎
    kull hāda, maʕlēš — ʔamma yikzeb ʕalay kamān?
    All of this is fine — but that he should lie to me too?
    Synonym: بسّ‎ (bass)
  2. used to indicate surprise or other strong feelings in an exclamation
    ‏دخلنا جول — أمّا شو جول!‎‎
    daḵalna gōl — ʔamma šū gōl!
    We scored a goal — what a goal!
    Synonym: ما‎ (ma)

Usage notes

  • Note that ما‎ (ma) can only be used in the third sense before an elative adjective, whereas أمّا‎ (ʔamma) is more flexible. Although أمّا‎ (ʔamma) could be used before an elative adjective, it is most commonly seen before a nominal phrase introduced by شو‎ (šū).
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