تخم

See also: تحم‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From a corruption of the verb اِتَّخَمَ‎ (ittaḵama) or from a resegmentation of تُخْمَة‎ (tuḵma, “indigestion”) from the root و خ م‎ (w-ḵ-m).

Verb

تَخِمَ • (taḵima) I, non-past يَتْخَمُ‎‎ (yatḵamu)

  1. to suffer indigestion, to be troubled with glut
Conjugation

Noun

تَخَم • (taḵam) m

  1. verbal noun of تَخِمَ (taḵima) (form I)
Declension

Noun

تُخَم • (tuḵam) pl

  1. plural of تُخْمَة‎ (tuḵma)

Etymology 3

From Aramaic תְּחוּמָא‎ (təḥūmā, “border, limit”).

Alternative forms

  • تَخُوم‎ (taḵūm), تَخُومَة‎ (taḵūma)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tuxm/, IPA(key): /taxm/

Noun

تُخْم or تَخْم • (tuḵm or taḵm) m (plural تُخُوم‎ (tuḵūm) or تُخُم (tuḵum))

  1. frontier, border, limit, boundary
    • 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 20:106:
      ‏جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَبِ مَا بَيْنَ الْوَادِي إِلَى أَقْصَى الْيَمَنِ إِلَى تُخُومِ الْعِرَاقِ إِلَى الْبَحْرِ‏.‏‎
      jazīratu l-ʕarabi mā bayna l-wādī ʔilā ʔaqṣā l-yamani ʔilā tuḵūmi l-ʕirāqi ʔilā l-baḥri.
      The island of Arabia lies between Al-Wadi to the extremes of the Yemen extending to the frontiers of Al Iraq and the sea.
Declension

Etymology 4

Denominal verb of تُخْم‎ (tuḵm) or from Aramaic תָּחַם‎ (tāḥam), תְּחַם‎ (təḥam, “to delimit”), which is denominal from תְּחוּם‎ (təḥūm, “border, limit”).

Verb

تَخَمَ • (taḵama) I, non-past يَتْخِمُ‎‎ (yatḵimu)

  1. to delimit
Conjugation

References

  • “tḥwm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • “tḥm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 282
  • Freytag, Georg (1830), “تخم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 187
  • Lane, Edward William (1863), “تخم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 299
  • Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “تخم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 137

Persian

Etymology

From Parthian [Manichaean needed] (twxm /tōxm/, “seed, line, race”), from Proto-Iranian *táwxma (compare Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬑𐬨𐬀𐬥-‎ (taoxman-, “seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewk- (“germ, seed, sprout, offspring”). Compare Old Armenian տոհմ (tohm), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

Dari تخم
Iranian Persian
Tajik тухм (tuxm)

تخم • (toxm)

  1. seed, grain
  2. sperm, semen
  3. ovum, egg
  4. (informal, figurative after “egg”) testicle
  5. (figurative) origin

Derived terms

  • تخمِ جن‎ (toxm-e jen)
  • تخمِ حروم‎ (toxm-e harum)
  • تخمِ سگ‎ (toxm-e sag)
  • تخمِ شربتی‎ (toxm-e šarbati)
  • تخمِ لق‎ (toxm-e laq)
  • تخمِ مرغ‎ (toxm-e morğ)
  • تخم و ترکه‎ (toxm-o-tarake)
  • تخمِ چشم‎ (toxm-e čašm)
  • تخمه‎ (toxme)
  • تخمک‎ (toxmak)
  • تخمی‎ (toxmi)
  • تخم‌ریزی‎ (toxm-rizi)
  • تخم‌گذار‎ (toxm-gozâr)

Descendants

  • → Azerbaijani: toxum
  • → Ottoman Turkish: تخم‎ (tohum), توخوم‎ (tohum)
  • → Bashkir: тоҡом (toqom)
  • → Kazakh: тұқым (tūqym)
  • → Urdu: تخم‎ (tuxm)
  • → Uyghur: تۇخۇم‎ (tuxum, “egg”)
  • → Uzbek: tuxum (“egg”)

Urdu

Etymology

From Classical Persian تخم‎ (tuxm, “seed; semen; origin”).

Pronunciation

Noun

تُخْم • (tuxm) m (Hindi spelling तुख़्म)

  1. seed
  2. sperm, semen
  3. egg
  4. progeny; lineage, descent
  5. (figurative) origin

Derived terms

References

  • “تخم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “تخم”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884), “تخم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • “تخم”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
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