خرس

See also: جرس‎ and حرس‎

Arabic

Etymology

From the root خ ر س‎ (ḵ-r-s).

Pronunciation 1

  • IPA(key): /xa.ri.sa/

Verb

خَرِسَ • (ḵarisa) I, non-past يَخْرَسُ‎‎ (yaḵrasu)

  1. to be mute, to be dumb
  2. to become silent, keep silent, hold one's tongue
Conjugation

Pronunciation 2

  • IPA(key): /xa.ra.sa/

Verb

خَرَسَ • (ḵarasa) I, non-past يَخْرُسُ‎‎ (yaḵrusu)

  1. to guess, estimate
  2. to conjecture, surmise
  3. tell an untruth, falsehood; lie
Conjugation

Khalaj

Noun

خِرس (xirs) (definite accusative خِرسی‎, plural خِرسلَر‎)

  1. Arabic spelling of xirs (“bear”)

Declension

Persian

Dari خرس
Iranian Persian
Tajik хирс (xirs)
خرس (xers, “bear”)

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀‎ (arṣ̌a), Ossetian арс (ars)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas (compare Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣá)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Armenian արջ (arǰ), Greek άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda), Latin ursus, French ours, Welsh arth.

Pronunciation

  • (Dari): IPA(key): /xɪɾs/

Noun

خرس • (xers) (plural خرس‌ها‎ (xers-hâ))

  1. bear

Inflection

    Enclitic-attached forms of خرس (xers)
    Basic forms of خرس (xers)
singular plural
bare خرس
(xers)
خرس‌ها
(xers-hấ)
خرسا △
(xersấ)
definitive direct object خرس را
(xers râ)
خرس رو △
(xerso)
خرس‌ها را
(xers-hấ râ)
خرسا رو △
(xersấ ro)
ezâfe خرس
(xers-e)
خرس‌های
(xers-hấ-ye)
خرسای △
(xersấ-ye)
marked indefinite
or relative definite
خرسی
(xers-i)
خرس‌هایی
(xersấn-i, xers-hấ-i)
خرسایی △
(xersấi)
△ Colloquial.
    Predicative forms of خرس (xers)
singular plural
1st person
(“I am, we are”)
خرسم‎
(xersam)
خرسیم‎
(xersim)
2nd person
(“you are”)
خرسی‎
(xersi)
خرسید‎
(xersid)
خرسین‎ △
(xersin)
3rd person
(“he/she/it is, they are”)
خرس است‎
(xers ast)
خرسه‎ △
(xerse)
خرسند‎
(xersand)
خرسن‎ △
(xersan)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Munji: xərs
  • → Ottoman Turkish: خرس‎ (hırs)
  • → Pashto: خرس‎
  • → Wakhi: خرس‎
  • → Urdu: خرس‎ (xirs)
  • → Yagnobi: хирс (xirs)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
خ ر س‎

Etymology

From Arabic خَرِسَ‎ (ḵarisa).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xi.ris/, [ˈxi.rɪs]
  • (file)

Verb

خرس • (ḵiris) (form I, present بخرس‎ (biḵras))

  1. to be quiet, to shut up
    Synonym: سكت‎ (sakat)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of خرس (ḵiris)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m خرست (ḵrist) خرست (ḵrist) خرس (ḵiris) خرسنا (ḵrisna) خرستو (ḵristu) خرسو (ḵirsu)
f خرستي (ḵristi) خرست (ḵirsat)
present m بخرس (baḵras) بتخرس (btiḵras) بخرس (biḵras) منخرس (mniḵras) بتخرسو (btiḵrasu) بخرسو (biḵrasu)
f بتخرسي (btiḵrasi) بتخرس (btiḵras)
subjunctive m أخرس (ʔaḵras) تخرس (tiḵras) يخرس (yiḵras) نخرس (niḵras) تخرسو (tiḵrasu) يخرسو (yiḵrasu)
f تخرسي (tiḵrasi) تخرس (tiḵras)
imperative m اخرس (iḵras) اخرسو (iḵrasu)
f اخرسي (iḵrasi)

Urdu

Etymology

PIE word
*h₂ŕ̥tḱos

From Classical Persian خرس‎ (xirs, “bear”).

Pronunciation

Noun

خرس • (xirs) ?

  1. bear
  2. a vulgar person; scoundrel; rogue

Declension

Declension of خرس
singular plural
direct خرس‎ (xirs) خرس‎ (xirs)
oblique خرس‎ (xirs) خرسوں‎ (xirsō̃)
vocative خرس‎ (xirs) خرسو‎ (xirsō)
Declension of خرس
singular plural
direct خرس‎ (xirs) خرسیں‎ (xirsẽ)
oblique خرس‎ (xirs) خرسوں‎ (xirsõ)
vocative خرس‎ (xirs) خرسو‎ (xirso)

Derived terms

References

  • “خرس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “خرس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John Thompson (1884), “خرس”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →ISBN, →OCLC
  • “خرس”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
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