خود

From Middle Persian BNPŠE / 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤‎ (xwad), from Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swá (“reflexive pronoun”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé.[1] Related to خدا‎ (xodâ, “God”).

خود • (xod)

1. self, the self

خود • (xod)

1. (reflexive) self, -self
   • c. 1260, Rumi, The Masnavi:

     ‏حمله بر خود می‌کنی ای ساده مرد، همچو آن شیری که بر خود حمله کرد.‎‎

     hamle bar xod mi-koni ey sâde mard, hamčo ân šir-i ke bar xod hamle kard.

     You are attacking yourself, o simple man, like that lion who attacked himself.

   • 2009, Shadmehr Aghili (lyrics and music), “تقدیر (taqdir)”:

     ‏تو با خودت هم دشمنی.‎‎

     to bâ xod-et ham došman-i.

     You are an enemy even with yourself.

   Synonym: خویش‎ (xiš, literary)

2. (emphatic) one's own (in possessive constructions)

   ‏مادر خود را نمی‌شناسی؟‎‎ (More literary)

   mâdar-e xod-râ ne-mi-šenâsi?

   ‏مادر خودت رو نمی‌شناسی؟‎‎ (More colloquial)

   mâdar-e xod-et-o ne-mi-šnâsi?

   Don’t you recognize your own mother?

   Synonym: خویش‎ (xiš, literary)

خود (xod) can occur both in isolation and before a suffixed pronominal clitic such as م‎ (-am, “my”), ت‎ (-at, et, “your”), and ش‎ (-aš, eš, “his/her”). In isolation, it serves as a general reflexive pronoun for any subject:

• ‏خود را دیدم‎

  xod-râ didam

  I saw [my]self

• ‏خود را دیدی‎

  xod-râ didi

  you saw [your]self

The pronominal clitics specify the pronoun:

• ‏خودم را دیدم‎

  xod-am-râ didam

  I saw myself

• ‏خودت را دیدی‎

  xod-at-râ didi

  you saw yourself

In colloquial Persian, the suffixed forms are almost always used.

• → Assamese: খোদ (khüd)
• → Armenian: Խոդ (Xod)
• → Bengali: খোদ (khōd)
• → Gujarati: ખુદ (khud)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ख़ुद (xud)

  Urdu: خود‎ (xud)

• → Marathi: खुद्द (khudda)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਦ (xud)

  Shahmukhi script: خود‎ (xod)

From Middle Persian xwd (xōd, “helm”), borrowed from Parthian xwwd (*xōδ, “helmet”), from Old Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”). The Parthian word is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠 (xaudā-, “hat”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀‎ (xaoδa, “helmet”), Ossetian худ (xud, “hat”), English hat, hood, etc. The inherited form of the Persian is خوی‎ (xoy). Akin to Old Armenian խոյր (xoyr), արտախոյր (artaxoyr), Georgian ხვირი (xviri), Arabic خُوذَة‎ (ḵūḏa), Iranian borrowings.

خود • (xud) (plural خودها‎ (xud-hâ))

1. a helmet

   Synonym: ترگ‎ (targ)

• کلاه‌خود‎ (kolâh-xud)

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “խոյր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press

Borrowed from Persian خود‎ (xod).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊd̪/, /xwʊd̪/
• (Deccani) IPA^(key): /xʊd̪/, /xwʊd̪/

خود • (xud, xvud) (Hindi spelling ख़ुद)

1. reflexive pronoun: oneself, one's own

   ‏میں یہ کام خود کروں گا۔‎‎ ― ma͠i ye kām xud karūṅgā. ― I will do this work myself.

• آپ‎ (āp)

• خود بخود‎ (xud ba-xud, xvud ba-xvud, “automatically”)

• Platts, John T. (1884), “خود”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.