خوردن

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian xwar-, from Proto-Iranian *hwar- (“to eat, consume”). Cognates include Northern Kurdish xwarin (“to eat”) and vexwarin (“to drink”), Northern Luri هںردە‎ (harde), Tat xardən, Pashto خوړل‎ (khwaṟël, “to eat”), Ossetian хӕрд (xærd, “food”) and Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (xᵛaraiti, “to consume, eat”). Compare also Old Armenian խորտիկ (xortik, “food”) and խորակ (xorak, “kind of pastry”), borrowed from Iranian.

Original meaning of the root was "to take". During the Proto-Iranian period it replaced the native Indo-European root for "to eat" *h₁ed- (>Proto-Iranian *Had-; compare Latin edō, Ancient Greek ἔδω (édō), English eat), perhaps originally being used in a more informal way. The other root has been preserved in several nominal formations, such as Proto-Iranian *HacwaHastiš (“alfalfa”) and Ossetian ад (ad, “taste”).

Pronunciation

  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /xɵɾdan/

Verb

Dari خوردن
Iranian Persian
Tajik хӯрдан (xürdan)

خوردن • (xordan), present stem خور‎ (xor)

  1. to eat
    ‏امروز چی خورده‌ای؟‎‎
    emruz či xordi?
    What have you eaten today?
  2. to drink
  3. (with به‎) to run into, collide with

Conjugation

Derived terms

See also

References

  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “خوردن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147
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