شهيد

See also: شهید‎ and شہید‎

Arabic

Etymology

From the form I verb شَهِدَ‎ (šahida, “to witness, to bear witness”), from the root ش ه د‎ (š-h-d). Semantic evolution from "witness" to "martyr" is probably calqued from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus).

Cognate with Hebrew שָׂהֵד‎ (sahéd).

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -iːd

Noun

شَهِيد • (šahīd) m (plural شُهَدَاء‎ (šuhadāʔ), feminine شَهِيدَة‎ (šahīda))

  1. witness
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:13:
      ‏لَّوۡلَا جَاۤءُو عَلَیۡهِ بِأَرۡبَعَةِ شُهَدَاۤءَ ۚ فَإِذۡ لَمۡ یَأۡتُوا۟ بِٱلشُّهَدَاۤءِ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلۡكَـٰذِبُونَ‎
      lawlā jāʔū ʕalay-hi bi-ʔarbaʕati šuhadāʔa fa-ʔiḏ lam yaʔtū bi-š-šuhadāʔi fa-ʔūlāʔika ʕinda llāhi humu l-kāḏibūna
      Sahih International: And why did the accusers not bring four witnesses to it? If they cannot produce such witnesses, they are the liars in God’s eyes.
    Synonym: شَاهِد‎ (šāhid)
  2. martyr
  3. anyone killed in action

Declension

Descendants

  • → Azerbaijani: şəhid
  • → English: shaheed
  • → Indonesian: syahid
  • → Kazakh: шаһид (şahid), шейіт (şeiıt)
  • → Northern Kurdish: şehîd
  • → Russian: шахид (šaxid)
  • → Swahili: shahidi
  • → Turkish: şehit

Adjective

شَهِيد • (šahīd) (feminine شَهِيدَة‎ (šahīda), masculine plural شُهَدَاء‎ (šuhadāʔ), feminine plural شَهِيدَات‎ (šahīdāt))

  1. witnessing [+ عَلَى‎ (object)]

Declension

Persian

Pronunciation

  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /ʃaˈhid/

Noun

شهید • (šahid)

  1. witness, martyr
  2. شاهد
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