ظلم

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ظ ل م‎ (ẓ-l-m). Compare Aramaic טלם‎.

Verb

ظَلَمَ • (ẓalama) I, non-past يَظْلِمُ‎‎ (yaẓlimu)

  1. to wrong, to treat unjustly, to oppress
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:42:
      ‏إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَظْلِمُونَ النَّاسَ وَيَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ‎
      ʔinnamā s-sabīlu ʕalā allaḏīna yaẓlimūna an-nāsa wayabḡūna fī l-ʔarḍi biḡayri l-ḥaqqi ʔulāʔika lahum ʕaḏābun ʔalīmun
      Indeed, the blame lieth only upon those ones who oppress [their fellow] Man, and who are insolent throughout the earth without any right whatsoever. They are those for whom a punishment most painful [will suffice].

Conjugation

References

Verb

ظَلِمَ • (ẓalima) I, non-past يَظْلَمُ‎‎ (yaẓlamu)

  1. to become dark

Conjugation

Verb

ظَلَّمَ • (ẓallama) II, non-past يُظَلِّمُ‎‎ (yuẓallimu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Conjugation

Noun

ظُلْم • (ẓulm) m

  1. verbal noun of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) (form I)
  2. wrong, wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, tyranny

Declension

Synonyms

Descendants

  • → Azerbaijani: zülm
  • → Ottoman Turkish: ظلم‎ (zulm)
  • → Persian: ظلم‎ (zolm)
  • → Swahili: dhuluma

References

Noun

ظُلَم • (ẓulam) f pl

  1. plural of ظُلْمَة‎ (ẓulma)

Noun

ظَلْم • (ẓalm) m

  1. verbal noun of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) (form I)

Declension

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ظ ل م‎

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَلَمَ‎ (ẓalama).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /zˤa.lam/, [ˈzˤɑ.lɑm]
  • (file)

Verb

ظلم • (ẓalam) (form I, present بظلم‎ (boẓlom), passive participle مظلوم‎ (maẓlūm))

  1. to wrong, to treat unjustly
  2. to oppress

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ظلم (ẓalam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلم (ẓalam) ظلمنا (ẓalamna) ظلمتو (ẓalamtu) ظلمو (ẓalamu)
f ظلمتي (ẓalamti) ظلمت (ẓalmat)
present m بظلم (baẓlom) بتظلم (btoẓlom) بظلم (boẓlom) منظلم (mnoẓlom) بتظلمو (btoẓlomu) بظلمو (boẓlomu)
f بتظلمي (btoẓlomi) بتظلم (btoẓlom)
subjunctive m أظلم (ʔaẓlom) تظلم (toẓlom) يظلم (yoẓlom) نظلم (noẓlom) تظلمو (toẓlomu) يظلمو (yoẓlomu)
f تظلمي (toẓlomi) تظلم (toẓlom)
imperative m اظلم (oẓlom) اظلمو (oẓlomu)
f اظلمي (oẓlomi)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ظُلْم‎ (ẓulm, “injustice”) (though Classical Persian ظلم‎ (zulm)).

Pronunciation

Noun

ظُلْم • (z̤ulm) m (Hindi spelling ज़ुल्म)

  1. wrongdoing, misdeed, injustice
    Synonym: ناانصافی‎ (nāinsāfī)
  2. tyranny, oppression
    Synonym: جبر‎ (jabr)

Declension

Declension of ظلم
singular plural
direct ظُلم‎ (zulm) ظُلم‎ (zulm)
oblique ظُلم‎ (zulm) ظُلموں‎ (zulmō̃)
vocative ظُلم‎ (zulm) ظُلمو‎ (zulmō)

References

  • “ظلم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “ظلم”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
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