گناه

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms
  • جناه‎ (cünah)

Etymology

From Persian گناه‎ (gonâh).

Noun

گناه • (günah)

  1. sin

Derived terms
  • گناه ایشلمك‎ (günah işlemek)

Descendants
  • Turkish: günah
  • → Albanian: gjynah
  • → Armenian:
    • Istanbul: գո̈ւնահ (günah)
    • Van: գո̈ւնախ (günax)
  • → Hungarian: bűn (possibly)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: đùnāh/ђу̀на̄х, gùnāh/гу̀на̄х

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wnʾs /wināh/), 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫍‎ (wynʾh /wināh/, “sin, crime”), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian preverb *vi- (from Proto-Indo-European *wi (“apart, against”)) and the root *nas- (“to disappear; to perish”), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, to disappear”). Akin to Old Armenian վնաս (vnas) (from Iranian), Old Georgian უნასი (unasi) (from Iranian), Baluchi [script needed] (ginās), Northern Kurdish binas (binās) and Sanskrit विनाश (vināśa).

Pronunciation
  • (Tajik) IPA(key): /ɡunɔh/

Noun
Dari گناه
Iranian Persian
Tajik гуноҳ (gunoh)

گناه • (gonâh) (plural گناهان‎ (gonâhân) or گناه‌ها‎ (gonâh-hâ))

  1. sin
  2. crime, guilt
    • 11th century, Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-e Beyhaqi
      ‏امیر گفت: پس از حسنک درین باب چه گناه بوده است؟ که اگر راه بادیه آمدی در خون آنهمه خلق شدی‎
      amir goft: "pas az hasanak darin bâb če gonâh bude ast? ke agar râh-e bâdiye âmadi, dar xun-e ânhame xalq šodi."
      Amir said: "So what was Hasanak's crime here? For if he would come through the desert route, he would have been responsible for the blood of so many people."

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → Tajik: гуноҳ (gunoh)
  • → Arabic: جُنَاح‎ (junāḥ) (from Middle Persian)
    • → Persian: جناح‎ (jonâh) (rare)
  • → Azerbaijani: günəh, günah
    • → Armenian:
      • Karabakh: գո̈ւնա̈հ (günäh)
  • → Bashkir: гонаһ (gonah)
  • → Dungan: гўнахар (gwnahar)
  • → Kazakh: күнә (künä)
  • Kurdish:
    • → Central Kurdish: گوناح‎ (gunaḧ), گوناھ‎ (gunah)
    • → Northern Kurdish: gune, guneh, guna, gunah
  • → Kyrgyz: күнөө (künöö)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: گناه‎ (günah), جناه‎ (cünah)
  • → Punjabi: ਗੁਨਾਹ (gunāh)
  • → Rohingya: guná
  • → Tatar: гөнаһ (gönah)
  • → Turkmen: günä / гүнә
  • → Urdu: گناہ‎ (gunāh)
  • → Zazaki: guna

References
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wināh”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 91
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “վնաս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 347
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*nas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 282ff
  • Nyberg, H. S. (1974), “vinās”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 213a
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