अग्नि

See also: अगन, अगनी, and अग्नि-

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní). Doublet of आग (āg). First attested as Old Hindi अग्नि (agni).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /əɡ.niː/, [əɡ.n̪iː]
Audio (file)

Proper noun

अग्नि • (agni) m (Urdu spelling اگنی‎)

(Hinduism) Agni

Declension

Declension of अग्नि (sg-only masc i-stem)

	singular
direct	अग्नि agni
oblique	अग्नि agni
vocative	अग्नि agni

Noun

अग्नि • (agni) f (Urdu spelling اگنی‎)

(formal) fire
Synonyms: आग (āg), आतिश (ātiś)

Declension

Declension of अग्नि (fem i-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अग्नि agni	अग्नियाँ agniyā̃
oblique	अग्नि agni	अग्नियों agniyõ
vocative	अग्नि agni	अग्नियो agniyo

Marathi

Alternative forms

अग्नी (agnī)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní). Doublet of आग (āg). Compare Old Marathi 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡 (agna), 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲 (agnī), 𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲 (ajñī).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əɡ.ni/, [əɡ.niː]

Proper noun

अग्नि • (agni) m

(Hinduism) Agni (Hindu deity of fire)

Noun

अग्नि • (agni) m

(formal) fire

Declension

Declension of अग्नि (agni)
direct singular	अग्नि agni
direct plural	अग्नि agni
	singular	plural
nominative	अग्नि agni	अग्नि agni
oblique	अग्नि- agni-	अग्निं- agniN-
dative	अग्निला agnilā	अग्निंना agniNnā
ergative	अग्निने agnine	अग्निंनी agniNni
instrumental	अग्निशी agniśi	अग्निंशी agniNśi
locative	अग्नित agnit	अग्निंत agniNt
vocative	अग्नि agni	अग्निंनो agniNno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Dative Note: -स (-sa) is archaic. -ते (-te) is limited to literary usage. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of अग्नि
	masculine object		feminine object		neuter object		oblique
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular^*	plural
singular subject	अग्निचा agniċā	अग्निचे agnice	अग्निची agnici	अग्निच्या agnica	अग्निचे, अग्निचं agnice, agniċa	अग्निची agnici	अग्निच्या agnica
plural subject	अग्निंचा agniNċā	अग्निंचे agniNce	अग्निंची agniNci	अग्निंच्या agniNca	अग्निंचे, अग्निंचं agniNce, agniNċa	अग्निंची agniNci	अग्निंच्या agniNca
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Nepali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʌɡ̞ni]

Phonetic Devanagari: अग्नि

Proper noun

अग्नि • (agni)

Agni, Hindu deity of fire

Declension

Declension of अग्नि
	Singular
nominative	अग्नि [ʌɡni]
accusative	अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi]
instrumental/ergative	अग्निले [ʌɡnile]
dative	अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi]
ablative	अग्निबाट [ʌɡnibäʈʌ]
genitive	अग्निको [ʌɡniko]
locative	अग्निमा [ʌɡnimä]

Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Noun

अग्नि • (agni)

fire
Synonym: आगो (āgo)

Declension

Declension of अग्नि
	Singular
nominative	अग्नि [ʌɡni]
accusative	अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi]
instrumental/ergative	अग्निले [ʌɡnile]
dative	अग्निलाई [ʌɡniläi]
ablative	अग्निबाट [ʌɡnibäʈʌ]
genitive	अग्निको [ʌɡniko]
locative	अग्निमा [ʌɡnimä]

Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Old Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्नि (agní).

Noun

अग्नि (agni) f

fire

Descendants

Hindi: अग्नि (agni)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

ᬅᬕ᭄ᬦᬶ (Balinese script)
অগ্নি (Assamese script)
অগ্নি (Bengali script)
𑰀𑰐𑰿𑰡𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀦𑀺 (Brahmi script)
𑌅𑌗𑍍𑌨𑌿 (Grantha script)
અગ્નિ (Gujarati script)
ਅਗੑਨਿ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦄꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ (Javanese script)
អគ្និ (Khmer script)
ಅಗ್ನಿ (Kannada script)
ອຄ຺ນິ (Lao script)
അഗ്നി (Malayalam script)
𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠠᠺᠨᢈ (Mongolian script)
ᠠᡤᠨᡳ (Manchu script)
အဂ္နိ (Burmese script)
𑦠𑦰𑧠𑧁𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐀𑐐𑑂𑐣𑐶 (Newa script)
ଅଗ୍ନି (Oriya script)
ꢂꢔ꣄ꢥꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆃𑆓𑇀𑆤𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖀𑖐𑖿𑖡𑖰 (Siddham script)
අග්නි (Sinhalese script)
అగ్ని (Telugu script)
อคฺนิ (Thai script)
ཨ་གྣི (Tibetan script)
𑒁𑒑𑓂𑒢𑒱 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hagníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagníš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís. Cognate with Latin ignis, Old Church Slavonic огнь (ognĭ), ⱁⰳⱀⱐ (ognĭ).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐɡ.ní/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɐɡ.n̪i/

Proper noun

अग्नि • (agní) m

Agni, god of fire
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.1.1
  
  अ॒ग्निमी॑ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विजं॑ ।
  होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मं ॥
  agnimīḷe purohitaṃ yajñasya devamṛtvijaṃ .
  hotāraṃ ratnadhātamaṃ .
  I Laud Agni, the chosen Priest, God, minister of sacrifice,
  The hotar, lavishest of wealth.

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of अग्नि (agní)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अग्निः agníḥ	अग्नी agnī́	अग्नयः agnáyaḥ
Vocative	अग्ने ágne	अग्नी ágnī	अग्नयः ágnayaḥ
Accusative	अग्निम् agním	अग्नी agnī́	अग्नीन् agnī́n
Instrumental	अग्निना / अग्न्या¹ agnínā / agnyā̀¹	अग्निभ्याम् agníbhyām	अग्निभिः agníbhiḥ
Dative	अग्नये / अग्न्ये² agnáye / agnyè²	अग्निभ्याम् agníbhyām	अग्निभ्यः agníbhyaḥ
Ablative	अग्नेः / अग्न्यः² agnéḥ / agnyàḥ²	अग्निभ्याम् agníbhyām	अग्निभ्यः agníbhyaḥ
Genitive	अग्नेः / अग्न्यः² agnéḥ / agnyàḥ²	अग्न्योः agnyóḥ	अग्नीनाम् agnīnā́m
Locative	अग्नौ agnaú	अग्न्योः agnyóḥ	अग्निषु agníṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Less common

Noun

अग्नि • (agní) m

fire, sacrificial fire (of three kinds, गार्हपत्य (gārhapatya), आहवनीय (āhavanīya), and दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa))
the number three
the fire of the stomach, digestive faculty, gastric fluid
bile
gold
name of various plants; Semecarpus anacardium, Plumbago zeylanica, Plumbago indica, Citrus aurantifolia
mystical substitute for the letter r
in the कातन्त्र (kātantra) grammar, name of noun-stems ending in i and u

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of अग्नि (agní)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अग्निः agníḥ	अग्नी agnī́	अग्नयः agnáyaḥ
Vocative	अग्ने ágne	अग्नी ágnī	अग्नयः ágnayaḥ
Accusative	अग्निम् agním	अग्नी agnī́	अग्नीन् agnī́n
Instrumental	अग्निना / अग्न्या¹ agnínā / agnyā̀¹	अग्निभ्याम् agníbhyām	अग्निभिः agníbhiḥ
Dative	अग्नये / अग्न्ये² agnáye / agnyè²	अग्निभ्याम् agníbhyām	अग्निभ्यः agníbhyaḥ
Ablative	अग्नेः / अग्न्यः² agnéḥ / agnyàḥ²	अग्निभ्याम् agníbhyām	अग्निभ्यः agníbhyaḥ
Genitive	अग्नेः / अग्न्यः² agnéḥ / agnyàḥ²	अग्न्योः agnyóḥ	अग्नीनाम् agnīnā́m
Locative	अग्नौ agnaú	अग्न्योः agnyóḥ	अग्निषु agníṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Less common

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑀺 (agi /aggi/)
- Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀺 (aggi), 𑀅𑀕𑀡𑀺 (agaṇi), 𑀅𑀕𑀺𑀡𑀺 (agiṇi) (see there for further descendants)
Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
  - Arabic script: اۆگُن‎ (ogun)
  - Devanagari script: ऒगुन (ogun)
Gandhari: 𐨀𐨒𐨁‎ (agi)
Pali: aggi, aggini, gini
- → Khmer: អគ្គិ (ʼakkiʼ) (learned)
- → Lao: ອັກຄີ (ʼak khī) (learned)
- → Thai: อัคคี (àk-kii) (learned)
→ Assamese: অগ্নি (ogni), আগুনি (aguni)
→ Bengali: অগ্নি (ogni), আগুন (agun)
→ Gujarati: અગ્નિ (agni)
→ Hindustani:
- → Old Hindi: अग्नि (agni)
  - Hindi: अग्नि (agni)
- → Urdu: اگنی‎ (agni)
→ Old Javanese: agni
- Javanese: geni
- → Balinese: ᬅᬕ᭄ᬦᬶ (agni)
→ Kannada: ಅಗ್ನಿ (agni)
→ Lao: ອັກຄະນີ (ʼak kha nī)
→ Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: अग्न (agna), अग्नि (agni), अज्ञी (ajñī)

Modi script: 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡 (agna), 𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲 (agnī), 𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲 (ajñī)
- → Marathi: अग्नि (agni), अग्नी (agnī)
→ Oriya: ଅଗ୍ନି (ôgni)
→ Rajasthani: अगन, अगनी
→ Rohingya: ooin
→ Sylheti: ꠀꠉꠥꠁꠘ (aguin)
→ Tamil: அக்கினி (akkiṉi), அக்னி (akṉi)
→ Malayalam: അഗ്നി (agni)
→ Telugu: అగ్ని (agni)
→ Thai: อัคนี (àk-ká-nii)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “अग्नि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0005.

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