मुष्टि

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭí). Doublet of मूठ (mūṭh), मुट्ठी (muṭṭhī), and मुठिया (muṭhiyā).

Cognate to Persian مشت (môsht)

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /mʊʂ.ʈiː/, [mʊʃ.ʈiː]

Noun

मुष्टि • (muṣṭi) f

(rare, formal) a fist

Declension

Declension of मुष्टि (fem i-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मुष्टि muṣṭi	मुष्टियाँ muṣṭiyā̃
oblique	मुष्टि muṣṭi	मुष्टियों muṣṭiyõ
vocative	मुष्टि muṣṭi	मुष्टियो muṣṭiyo

References

Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “मुष्टि”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “मुष्टि”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Platts, John T. (1884), “मुष्टि”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬫᬸᬱ᭄ᬝᬶ (Balinese script)
মুষ্টি (Assamese script)
মুষ্টি (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰲𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀺 (Brahmi script)
𑌮𑍁𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌿 (Grantha script)
મુષ્ટિ (Gujarati script)
ਮੁਸ਼ੑਟਿ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦩꦸꦰ꧀ꦛꦶ (Javanese script)
មុឞ្ដិ (Khmer script)
ಮುಷ್ಟಿ (Kannada script)
ມຸຩ຺ຏິ (Lao script)
മുഷ്ടി (Malayalam script)
𑘦𑘳𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠮᠤᢔᢌᢈ (Mongolian script)
ᠮᡠᢢᢞᡳ (Manchu script)
မုၑ္ဋိ (Burmese script)
𑧆𑧔𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐸𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐶 (Newa script)
ମୁଷ୍ଟି (Oriya script)
ꢪꢸꢰ꣄ꢜꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆶𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖲𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖰 (Siddham script)
මුෂ්ටි (Sinhalese script)
ముష్టి (Telugu script)
มุษฺฏิ (Thai script)
མུ་ཥྚི (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒳𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒱 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *muštíš (“fist”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬌‎ (mušti), Middle Persian mwšt' (mušt).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /muʂ.ʈí/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmuʂ.ʈi/

Noun

मुष्टि • (muṣṭí) m or f

fist, clenched hand
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.47.30:
  अप प्रोथ दुन्दुभे दुच्छुना इत इन्द्रस्य मुष्टिर्असि वीळयस्व॥
  apa protha dundubhe ducchunā ita indrasya muṣṭirasi vīḷayasva.
  O War-drum, drive away misfortune: thou art the Fist of Indra: show thy firmness.
a handful, fistful
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
stealing
sword hilt
the penis

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of मुष्टि (muṣṭí)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मुष्टिः muṣṭíḥ	मुष्टी muṣṭī́	मुष्टयः muṣṭáyaḥ
Vocative	मुष्टे múṣṭe	मुष्टी múṣṭī	मुष्टयः múṣṭayaḥ
Accusative	मुष्टिम् muṣṭím	मुष्टी muṣṭī́	मुष्टीन् muṣṭī́n
Instrumental	मुष्टिना / मुष्ट्या¹ muṣṭínā / muṣṭyā̀¹	मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām	मुष्टिभिः muṣṭíbhiḥ
Dative	मुष्टये / मुष्ट्ये² muṣṭáye / muṣṭyè²	मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām	मुष्टिभ्यः muṣṭíbhyaḥ
Ablative	मुष्टेः / मुष्ट्यः² muṣṭéḥ / muṣṭyàḥ²	मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām	मुष्टिभ्यः muṣṭíbhyaḥ
Genitive	मुष्टेः / मुष्ट्यः² muṣṭéḥ / muṣṭyàḥ²	मुष्ट्योः muṣṭyóḥ	मुष्टीनाम् muṣṭīnā́m
Locative	मुष्टौ muṣṭaú	मुष्ट्योः muṣṭyóḥ	मुष्टिषु muṣṭíṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Less common

Feminine i-stem declension of मुष्टि (muṣṭí)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मुष्टिः muṣṭíḥ	मुष्टी muṣṭī́	मुष्टयः muṣṭáyaḥ
Vocative	मुष्टे múṣṭe	मुष्टी múṣṭī	मुष्टयः múṣṭayaḥ
Accusative	मुष्टिम् muṣṭím	मुष्टी muṣṭī́	मुष्टीः muṣṭī́ḥ
Instrumental	मुष्ट्या muṣṭyā̀	मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām	मुष्टिभिः muṣṭíbhiḥ
Dative	मुष्टये / मुष्ट्ये¹ / मुष्ट्यै² muṣṭáye / muṣṭyè¹ / muṣṭyaì²	मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām	मुष्टिभ्यः muṣṭíbhyaḥ
Ablative	मुष्टेः / मुष्ट्याः² muṣṭéḥ / muṣṭyā̀ḥ²	मुष्टिभ्याम् muṣṭíbhyām	मुष्टिभ्यः muṣṭíbhyaḥ
Genitive	मुष्टेः / मुष्ट्याः² muṣṭéḥ / muṣṭyā̀ḥ²	मुष्ट्योः muṣṭyóḥ	मुष्टीनाम् muṣṭīnā́m
Locative	मुष्टौ / मुष्ट्याम्² muṣṭaú / muṣṭyā̀m²	मुष्ट्योः muṣṭyóḥ	मुष्टिषु muṣṭíṣu
Notes	¹Less common ²Later Sanskrit

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalasha: muṣṭí
- Kashmiri: مۄٹھ‎ (mọṭh)
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: মুঠি (muthi)
- Bengali: মুঠি (muṭhi); Bengali: মুঠা (muṭha)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (muṭṭhi)
- Konkani:
  Devanagari: मूट
  Kannada: ಮೂಟ್ (mūṭ)
  Latin: mut
- Marathi: मूठ (mūṭh)
⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀅 (muṭṭhia)
- Old Marathi:
  Devanagari: मुठी (muṭhī, “fist”), मुठीया (muṭhīyā, “Muthia”)
  
  Modi: 𑘦𑘳𑘙𑘲 (muṭhī, “fist”), 𑘦𑘳𑘙𑘲𑘧𑘰 (muṭhīyā, “Muthia”)
Pali: muṭṭhi
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (muṭṭhi)
- Gujarati: મૂઠ (mūṭh)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: मूठ (mūṭh)
  Urdu: مُوٹھ‎ (mūṭh)
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi: ਮੁੱਠ (muṭṭha)
  Shahmukhi: مُٹھّ‎ (muṭhh)
⇒ Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀕 (muṭṭhiga)
- Gujarati: મુઠ્ઠી (muṭhṭhī), મૂઠિયું (mūṭhiyũ, “Muthia”)
  - → English: muthia, muthiya
  - → Kannada: ಮೂಠಿಯಾ (mūṭhiyā)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: मुट्ठी (muṭṭhī), मुठिया (muṭhiyā)
  
  Urdu: مُٹھی‎ (muṭṭhī), مُٹھیا‎ (muṭhiyā)
- Nepali: मुट्ठी (muṭṭhī)
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi: ਮੁੱਠੀ (muṭṭhī)
  
  Shahmukhi: مُٹھِّی‎ (muṭhhī)
→ Bengali: মুষ্টি (muṣṭi)
→ Gujarati: મુષ્ટિ (muṣṭi)
→ Kannada: ಮುಷ್ಟಿ (muṣṭi)
→ Tamil: முஷ்டி (muṣṭi)
→ Telugu: ముష్టి (muṣṭi)
→ Hindi: मुष्टि (muṣṭi) (learned)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “मुष्टि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 824.
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “मुष्टि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “muṣṭí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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