शत्रु

See also: शत्रू

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शत्रु (śatru).

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ʃət̪.ɾuː/

Noun

शत्रु • (śatru) m (Urdu spelling شترو‎)

  1. enemy, adversary, foe
    Synonym: दुश्मन (duśman)
    Antonyms: मित्र (mitra), दोस्त (dost)
    शत्रु को पीछे हटना पड़ा। ― śatru ko pīche haṭnā paṛā. ― The enemy was forced to retreat.

Declension
Declension of शत्रु (masc u-stem)
singular plural
direct शत्रु
śatru		 शत्रु
śatru
oblique शत्रु
śatru		 शत्रुओं
śatruõ
vocative शत्रु
śatru		 शत्रुओ
śatruo

Further reading

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • ᬰᬢ᭄ᬭᬸ (Balinese script)
  • শত্ৰু (Assamese script)
  • শত্রু (Bengali script)
  • 𑰫𑰝𑰿𑰨𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀰𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀼 (Brahmi script)
  • 𑌶𑌤𑍍𑌰𑍁 (Grantha script)
  • શત્રુ (Gujarati script)
  • ਸ਼ਤੑਰੁ (Gurmukhi script)
  • ꦯꦠꦿꦸ (Javanese script)
  • ឝត្រុ (Khmer script)
  • ಶತ್ರು (Kannada script)
  • ຨຕ຺ຣຸ (Lao script)
  • ശത്രു (Malayalam script)
  • 𑘫𑘝𑘿𑘨𑘳 (Modi script)
  • ᠱᠠᢐᠷᠤ (Mongolian script)
  • ᡧᠠᢠᡵᡠ (Manchu script)
  • ၐတြု (Burmese script)
  • 𑧋𑦽𑧠𑧈𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐱𑐟𑑂𑐬𑐸 (Newa script)
  • ଶତ୍ରୁ (Oriya script)
  • ꢯꢡ꣄ꢬꢸ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆯𑆠𑇀𑆫𑆶 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖫𑖝𑖿𑖨𑗜 (Siddham script)
  • ශත්රු (Sinhalese script)
  • శత్రు (Telugu script)
  • ศตฺรุ (Thai script)
  • ཤ་ཏྲུ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒬𑒞𑓂𑒩𑒳 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śátruṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćátruš, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱét-ru-s, from *ḱet- (“to be angry”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κότος (kótos, “anger”), Irish cath (“battle”), German Hader (“strife”), Old Church Slavonic котора (kotora, “quarrel”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

शत्रु • (śátru) m

  1. literally probably "overthrower"; enemy, foe
  2. rival
  3. a hostile king (especially a neighbouring king as a natural enemy)
  4. the 6th astrological mansion, Var Yogay
  5. Asparagus racemosus
  6. name of an Asura

Declension
Masculine u-stem declension of शत्रु (śátru)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative शत्रुः
śátruḥ		 शत्रू
śátrū		 शत्रवः
śátravaḥ
Vocative शत्रो
śátro		 शत्रू
śátrū		 शत्रवः
śátravaḥ
Accusative शत्रुम्
śátrum		 शत्रू
śátrū		 शत्रून्
śátrūn
Instrumental शत्रुणा / शत्र्वा¹
śátruṇā / śátrvā¹		 शत्रुभ्याम्
śátrubhyām		 शत्रुभिः
śátrubhiḥ
Dative शत्रवे / शत्र्वे²
śátrave / śátrve²		 शत्रुभ्याम्
śátrubhyām		 शत्रुभ्यः
śátrubhyaḥ
Ablative शत्रोः / शत्र्वः²
śátroḥ / śátrvaḥ²		 शत्रुभ्याम्
śátrubhyām		 शत्रुभ्यः
śátrubhyaḥ
Genitive शत्रोः / शत्र्वः²
śátroḥ / śátrvaḥ²		 शत्र्वोः
śátrvoḥ		 शत्रूणाम्
śátrūṇām
Locative शत्रौ
śátrau		 शत्र्वोः
śátrvoḥ		 शत्रुषु
śátruṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Less common

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Helu:
    • Dhivehi: ހަތުރު‎ (haturu)
    • Sinhalese: සතුරා (saturā)
  • → Old Javanese: [script needed] (śatru)
  • → Old Khmer: [script needed] (śatru)
  • → Old Malay: [script needed] (śatru)
  • → Old Tamil:
  • Pali: sattu

References
  1. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 607

Further reading
  • “श॑त्रु” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 536, column 2.
  • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “शत्रु”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 307
  • Monier Williams (1899), “शत्रु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1051, column 1.
  • Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 828
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